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In multiprogramming systems, a task runs until it must wait for an external event or until the operating system's scheduler forcibly swaps the running task out of the CPU. Real-time systems such as those designed to control industrial robots, require timely processing; a single processor might be shared between calculations of machine movement ...
A batch window is "a period of less-intensive online activity", [11] when the computer system is able to run batch jobs without interference from, or with, interactive online systems. A bank's end-of-day (EOD) jobs require the concept of cutover , where transaction and data are cut off for a particular day's batch activity ("deposits after 3 PM ...
At the operating system level: Computer multitasking, including both cooperative multitasking and preemptive multitasking. Time-sharing, which replaced sequential batch processing of jobs with concurrent use of a system; Process; Thread; At the network level, networked systems are generally concurrent by their nature, as they consist of ...
A job scheduler is a computer application for controlling unattended background program execution of jobs. [1] This is commonly called batch scheduling, as execution of non-interactive jobs is often called batch processing, though traditional job and batch are distinguished and contrasted; see that page for details.
The operating system provides an interface between an application program and the computer hardware, so that an application program can interact with the hardware only by obeying rules and procedures programmed into the operating system. The operating system is also a set of services which simplify development and execution of application programs.
Operating systems need some ways to create processes. In a very simple system designed for running only a single application (e.g., the controller in a microwave oven), it may be possible to have all the processes that will ever be needed present when the system comes up.
Unix-like operating systems, such as Linux, have a similar, but more flexible, type of file called a shell script. [2] The filename extension.bat is used in DOS and Windows. Windows NT and OS/2 also added .cmd. Batch files for other environments may have different extensions, e.g., .btm in 4DOS, 4OS2 and 4NT related shells.
The Job Entry Subsystem (JES) is a component of IBM's MVS (MVS/370 through z/OS) mainframe operating systems that is responsible for managing batch workloads. In modern times, there are two distinct implementations of the Job Entry System called JES2 and JES3. They are designed to provide efficient execution of batch jobs.