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As well as having been influenced by Spiritism, [384] Santería is often intertwined with Espiritismo, a Puerto Rican tradition focused on contacting the dead; [385] this is particularly the case in areas such as New York and New Jersey. [386] Sometimes the word "Santerismo" is used to refer to a blend between the two traditions. [387]
The Cuban Revolution generated an exodus of many Cubans, who settled in other parts of the Americas, especially the United States, Puerto Rico, Mexico, Colombia, and Venezuela. [17] Although initial waves of migrants were predominantly white and middle-class, by the Mariel boatlift exodus of the 1980s the migrants included larger numbers of ...
In Puerto Rico, brujeria has evolved from Indigenous Taino beliefs, African spiritual practices, and Spanish Catholicism. Afro-Latin traditions such as Espiritismo (spiritism) and santeria are also influential. Practitioners of Puerto Rican witchcraft often perform rituals to communicate with the spirits, cast spells for protection or love, and ...
Migene González-Wippler is a Puerto Rican new-age author and a leading expert on the Afro-Caribbean ... She writes about Santeria-its practices, beliefs and ...
The other division applied towards to lower classes in both the rural and urban settings. This division is known as "Indigenous Espiritismo" and is synonymous to Puerto Rico, and is the most popular in the country. [16] Puerto Rican White Table Espiritismo follows the same ritual practices as found in Cuba.
Orishas (singular: orisha) [1] are divine spirits that play a key role in the Yoruba religion of West Africa and several religions of the African diaspora that derive from it, such as Haitian Vaudou, Cuban, Dominican and Puerto Rican Santería and Brazilian Candomblé.
Being initiated is known as kariocha, [1] "making ocha", [2] or "making santo". [3] A charge is usually levied for initiation; [4] this varies depending on the status of the practitioner and the wealth of the client [5] but is typically seen as expensive. [6]
The Puerto Rican spiritist press developed an internationalist approach, covering international research, development and foreign individuals such as Juan Manso. [32] In 1903, the Puerto Rican spiritist federation was created. [33]