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A mast radiator or mast antenna is a radio tower or mast in which the whole structure is an antenna. Mast antennas are the transmitting antennas typical for long or medium wave broadcasting. Structurally, the only difference is that some mast radiators require the mast base to be insulated from the ground.
Earth antennas are made of wires actually buried under the soil, hence also called buried antennas; if laid onto the soil instead of buried in it, they are called ground antennas. Most amateur use is limited to non-directional MF and LF receiving antennas, but transmitting ground dipoles [ag] are used for military communication with submarines.
The antenna gain, or power gain of an antenna is defined as the ratio of the intensity (power per unit surface area) radiated by the antenna in the direction of its maximum output, at an arbitrary distance, divided by the intensity radiated at the same distance by a hypothetical isotropic antenna which radiates equal power in all directions.
The high reactance vs the low resistance give the antenna a high Q factor; the antenna and coil act as a high Q tuned circuit, reducing the usable bandwidth of the antenna. At lower frequencies mast radiators are replaced by more elaborate capacitively toploaded antennas such as the T antenna or umbrella antenna which can have higher efficiency.
The antenna array is composed of three concentric rings of antenna elements. Each ring of elements receives RF signals for an assigned portion of the 1.5 to 30-MHz radio spectrum. The outer ring normally covers the 2 to 6-MHz range (band A), but also provides reduced coverage down to 1.5 MHz.
An antenna tuning hut or helix house is a small shed at the base of a longwave or mediumwave radio transmitting antenna. It contains antenna tuner — radio equipment for coupling the power from the feedline to the antenna. [1] Alternative names include antenna tuning house, coupling hut, and dog house.
An antenna array (or array antenna) is a set of multiple connected antennas which work together as a single antenna, to transmit or receive radio waves. [ 1 ] : p.149 [ 2 ] The individual antennas (called elements ) are usually connected to a single receiver or transmitter by feedlines that feed the power to the elements in a specific phase ...
A helical antenna is an antenna consisting of one or more conducting wires wound in the form of a helix.A helical antenna made of one helical wire, the most common type, is called monofilar, while antennas with two or four wires in a helix are called bifilar, or quadrifilar, respectively.
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