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Geologic Map of West Virginia. West Virginia's geologic history stretches back into the Precambrian, and includes several periods of mountain building and erosion. At times, much of what is now West Virginia was covered by swamps, marshlands, and shallow seas, accounting for the wide variety of sedimentary rocks found in the state, as well as its wealth of coal and natural gas deposits.
In West Virginia, the Marcellus Shale is as much as 60 m (200 ft) thick. [49] In extreme eastern Pennsylvania, it is 240 m (790 ft) thick, [41] thinning to the west, becoming only 15 m (49 ft) thick along the Ohio River, and only a few feet in Licking County, Ohio. [77]
Group or Formation Period Notes Allegheny Formation: Carboniferous: Antietam Formation: Cambrian: Bloomsburg Formation: Silurian: Bluefield Formation: Carboniferous
As with many other units in southeast West Virginia, the Bluefield Formation was first named by Campbell (1896). At the time it was called the "Bluefield Shale". [4] Reger & Price (1926) later renamed it to the Bluefield Group and supplied an extensive list of subunits. [5]
Material from these areas created river deltas that pushed south and west into the sea, creating the Bedford Shale and Berea Sandstone. [74] [h] A sketch map of the paleo Ontario River system. The Ohio Bay of the Rheic Ocean covered most of Kentucky, Michigan, Ohio, and western Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia. [23]
Tuscarora quartzite cliff on the west side of North Fork Mountain in West Virginia. The Tuscarora Formation is commonly exposed on various ridge crests and in many water gaps in the Ridge and Valley physiographic province of the Appalachians of Pennsylvania, Maryland, and West Virginia, particularly along the Wills Mountain Anticline.
The Ordovician Martinsburg Formation (Om) is a mapped bedrock unit in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia.It is named for the town of Martinsburg, West Virginia for which it was first described.
The Hamilton Group is a Devonian-age geological group which is located in the Appalachian region of the United States.It is present in New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Ohio, West Virginia, northwestern Virginia and Ontario, Canada, [1] [2] and is mainly composed of marine shale with some sandstone.