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  2. Illative sense - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illative_sense

    "Illative" means, then, "to bring in". For Newman it is the automatic data-collecting and -processing capacity in the sub-conscious mind, by which we get to know better or deeper both the content and certainty of the first principles of our knowledge, and of many natural and supernatural (religious) concepts and notional and/or real assents ...

  3. Grammar of Assent - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammar_of_Assent

    However, Newman maintained that in concrete life formal incontrovertible proof in favour of a decision is not possible—the best one can achieve is converging probabilities in favour of a conclusion. For Newman it is impossible to attain the concrete existential equivalent of logical certainty. Thus, to close that gap between converging ...

  4. List of fallacies - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fallacies

    Prevalent proof fallacy – Using consensus or majority vote as evidence of truthfulness, often without regard for expert opinion. Proof by assertion – a proposition is repeatedly restated regardless of contradiction; sometimes confused with argument from repetition (argumentum ad infinitum, argumentum ad nauseam).

  5. Truthiness - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truthiness

    Stephen Colbert, portraying his character Dr. Stephen T. Colbert, chose the word truthiness just moments before taping the premiere episode of The Colbert Report on October 17, 2005, after deciding the originally scripted word – "truth" – was not absolutely ridiculous enough: "We're not talking about truth, we're talking about something that seems like truth – the truth we want to exist ...

  6. A priori and a posteriori - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_priori_and_a_posteriori

    For example, the proposition that water is H 2 O (if it is true): According to Kripke, this statement is both necessarily true, because water and H 2 O are the same thing, they are identical in every possible world, and truths of identity are logically necessary; and a posteriori, because it is known only through empirical investigation.

  7. Outline of literature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_literature

    Literature can be described as all of the following: Communication – activity of conveying information. Communication requires a sender, a message, and an intended recipient, although the receiver need not be present or aware of the sender's intent to communicate at the time of communication; thus communication can occur across vast distances in time and space.

  8. Argument from ignorance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argument_from_ignorance

    There is a debate over whether the argument from ignorance is always fallacious. It is generally accepted that there are only special circumstances in which this argument may not be fallacious. For example, with the presumption of innocence in legal cases, it would make sense to argue: [5] It has not been proven that the defendant is guilty.

  9. The Structure of Literature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Structure_of_Literature

    The Structure of Literature is a 1954 book of literary criticism by Paul Goodman, the published version of his doctoral dissertation in the humanities.The book proposes a mode of formal literary analysis that Goodman calls "inductive formal analysis": Goodman defines a formal structure within an isolated literary work, finds how parts of the work interact with each other to form a whole, and ...