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The history of Greece encompasses the history of the territory of the modern nation-state of Greece as well as that of the Greek people and the areas they inhabited and ruled historically. The scope of Greek habitation and rule has varied throughout the ages and as a result, the history of Greece is similarly elastic in what it includes.
13 February 1914 (Protocol of Florence ) The Great Powers assign the islands of the eastern Aegean (apart from the Italian-occupied Dodecanese) to Greece. Imbros, Tenedos, and Kastellorizo are returned to the Ottoman Empire. 27 November 1919 (Treaty of Neuilly): Western Thrace, formerly Bulgarian, is annexed to Greece.
The Proto-Greek language was the most recent common ancestor of all Greek dialects. Proto-Greek split off from its nearest Indo-European relatives sometime during the European Bronze Age (c. 3rd millennium BC) and possibly even earlier, though it is unknown whether the characteristic Greek sound-changes occurred within the Greek peninsula or if Proto-Greek speakers themselves migrated into Greece.
Modern Greece: A History since 1821 (2009) excerpt and text search; Miller, James E. The United States and the Making of Modern Greece: History and Power, 1950-1974 (2008) excerpt and text search; Pirounakis, N. G. The Greek Economy: Past, Present and Future (1997) Woodhouse, C. M. Modern Greece: A Short History (2000) excerpt and text search
Cretan State (1898–1913): incorporated into Greece. Free State of Icaria (1912): short-lived independent state, incorporated into Greece. Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus (1914): short-lived autonomous Greek state in modern-day Southern Albania (Northern Epirus) under a provisional government. Autonomy recognised in the Protocol of ...
Whilst the noun 'Hellene' refers simply to what is ‘Greek’, Hellenisation comes from the word Hellazein. This refers to the adoption of Greek identity, culture and language — “to speak Greek or identify with the Greeks”.
Two small majority-Orthodox countries, Montenegro and Cyprus, have authorized same-sex unions in recent years, as did Greece in 2015 before upgrading to this week’s approval of full marital status.
Greece spends over US$7 billion annually on its military, or 2.3% of GDP, the 24th-highest in the world in absolute terms, the seventh-highest on a per capita basis, and the second-highest in NATO after the United States. Moreover, Greece is one of only five NATO countries to meet or surpass the minimum defence spending target of 2% of GDP.