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The term computer remained one that referred to mostly women (now seen as "operator") until 1945, after which it took on the modern definition of machinery it presently holds. [ 44 ] The ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer) was the first electronic general-purpose computer, announced to the public in 1946.
Engines of the Mind: The Evolution of the Computer from Mainframes to Microprocessors. W.W. Norton. ISBN 0-393-31471-5. Smith, Ludovic D. (2006). Crash! The Story of the Computer and IT from Babbage to the Era of Internet Worms, Open Source, Web Services and SOA. Corrillium Press Limited. ISBN 0-9552634-0-9. Williams, Michael R. (1997).
The Computer History in time and space, Graphing Project, an attempt to build a graphical image of computer history, in particular operating systems. The Computer Revolution/Timeline at Wikibooks "File:Timeline.pdf - Engineering and Technology History Wiki" (PDF). ethw.org. 2012. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-10-31
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The second-generation computer architectures initially varied; they included character-based decimal computers, sign-magnitude decimal computers with a 10-digit word, sign-magnitude binary computers, and ones' complement binary computers, although Philco, RCA, and Honeywell, for example, had some computers that were character-based binary ...
Turing Test – The British mathematician and computer pioneer Alan Turing published a paper describing the potential development of human and computer intelligence and communication. The paper would come later to be called the Turing Test. 1950: US TIME magazine cover story on the Harvard "Mark III: Can man build a superman
A computer scientist who teaches in the Department of Computer Science at the University of California, Los Angeles, contributor to the GNU operating system for over thirty years and current maintainer of the Time Zone Database. [460] [461] [462] FSF Free Software Awards – Social benefit award 2020 CiviCRM
Donald Knuth - The Art of Computer Programming; Ellen Ullman - Close to the Machine; Ellis Horowitz - Fundamentals of Computer Algorithms; Eric Raymond - The Art of Unix Programming; Gerald M. Weinberg - The Psychology of Computer Programming; James Gosling - The Java Programming Language; Joel Spolsky - The Best Software Writing I