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The effect of anabolic steroids on the heart can cause myocardial infarction and strokes. [5] Conditions pertaining to hormonal imbalances such as gynecomastia and testicular size reduction may also be caused by AAS. [6] In women and children, AAS can cause irreversible masculinization. [6]
The FDA has required that testosterone pharmaceutical labels include warning information about the possibility of an increased risk of heart attacks and stroke. [11] They have also required the label include concerns about abuse and dependence. [83] Injectable forms of testosterone can cause a lung problem called pulmonary oil microembolism (POME).
Although the use of anabolic steroids can sometimes cause enlargement and thickening of the left ventricle, Schwarzenegger was born with a congenital genetic defect in which his heart had a bicuspid aortic valve, a condition that rendered his aortic valve with two cusps instead of three, which can occasionally cause problems later in life. [27]
Excessive levels of testosterone in men may be associated with hyperandrogenism, higher risk of heart failure, increased mortality in men with prostate cancer, [7] and male pattern baldness. Testosterone is a steroid hormone from the androstane class containing a ketone and a hydroxyl group at positions three and seventeen respectively.
[6] [7] For most medical applications, an AAS with potent anabolic and minimal androgenic and cardiovascular effects would be an advantage. In the 1930s, 17α-alkylated anabolic steroids were discovered. These have increased metabolic stability and are orally active, but are not tissue selective. [8]
The high levels of testosterone in males are why hematocrit and hemoglobin levels are higher in men than in women. [125] Due to stimulation of erythropoiesis, anabolic–androgenic steroids (AAS) such as oxymetholone and nandrolone decanoate are effective for and used in the treatment of severe anemia (very low hematocrit).
Hospital cases at new high as health chiefs raise fears that those with symptoms are failing to seek help
Steroids and supplements are controversial when used for sports because of the health risks associated with them. Some serious and long-term effects on the body are hair loss, dizziness, mood swings, delusions, paranoia, high blood pressure, and increased risk of heart disease, stroke, and even cancer. [34]