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Electrical steel is an iron alloy which may have from zero to 6.5% silicon (Si:5Fe). Commercial alloys usually have silicon content up to 3.2% (higher concentrations result in brittleness during cold rolling).
The stacking factor (also lamination factor or space factor [1]) is a measure used in electrical transformer design and some other electrical machines. It is the ratio of the effective cross-sectional area of the transformer core to the physical cross-sectional area of the transformer core. The two are different because of the way cores are ...
Ferrosilicon is used as a source of silicon to reduce metals from their oxides and to deoxidize steel and other ferrous alloys. This prevents the loss of carbon from the molten steel (so called blocking the heat); ferromanganese, spiegeleisen, calcium silicides, and many other materials are used for the same purpose. [5]
SC1 (NH 4 OH (29%) + H 2 O 2 (30%) + Deionized H 2 O [1:1:5]) and SC2 (HCl (37%) + H 2 O 2 (30%) + Deionized H 2 O [1:1:6]). SC1 is used for removing organic contaminations and particles at a temperature of 70 °C to 80 °C for 5 to 10 min and SC2 is used for removing metal ions at 80 °C for 10 min. [ 9 ] Subsequently, the wafers are rinsed ...
The typical material is an alloy of iron with boron, silicon, and phosphorus in the form of thin (e.g. 25 μm) foils rapidly cooled from melt. These materials have high magnetic susceptibility , very low coercivity and high electrical resistance .
Silicon steel has low hysteresis loss, and the laminated construction prevents eddy currents from flowing in the core, which dissipates power in the resistance of the steel. The efficiency of typical distribution transformers is between about 98 and 99 percent. [8] [9] Where large numbers of transformers are made to standard designs, a wound C ...
Strip of permalloy. Permalloy is a nickel–iron magnetic alloy, with about 80% nickel and 20% iron content.Invented in 1914 by physicist Gustav Elmen at Bell Telephone Laboratories, [1] it is notable for its very high magnetic permeability, which makes it useful as a magnetic core material in electrical and electronic equipment, and also in magnetic shielding to block magnetic fields.
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