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Biblical Hebrew (Hebrew: עִבְרִית מִקְרָאִית , romanized: ʿiḇrîṯ miqrāʾîṯ (Ivrit Miqra'it) ⓘ or לְשׁוֹן הַמִּקְרָא , ləšôn ham-miqrāʾ (Leshon ha-Miqra) ⓘ), also called Classical Hebrew, is an archaic form of the Hebrew language, a language in the Canaanitic branch of the Semitic languages spoken by the Israelites in the area known as ...
Biblical grammarians were linguists whose understanding of the Bible at least partially related to the science of Hebrew language. Tannaitic and Ammoraic exegesis rarely toiled in grammatical problems; grammar was a borrowed science from the Arab world in the medieval period.
The prefix conjugation in Biblical Hebrew normally indicates non-past tense or imperfective aspect. However, early Biblical Hebrew has two additional conjugations, both of which have an extra prefixed letter waw, with meanings more or less reversed from the normal meanings. That is, "vav + prefix conjugation" has the meaning of a past ...
The largest compendium of Hebrew grammatical material is König's Historisch-Kritisches Lehrgebäude der Hebräischen Sprache (1881-97). Paul Joüon's Grammaire de l'hébreu biblique (1923) was recently edited and translated into English by Takamitsu Muraoka as A Grammar of Biblical Hebrew (1991; revised edition 2006). Muraoka made this into ...
The grammar of Modern Hebrew shares similarities with that of its Biblical Hebrew counterpart, but it has evolved significantly over time. Modern Hebrew grammar incorporates analytic, expressing such forms as dative, ablative, and accusative using prepositional particles rather than morphological cases.
Tiberian Hebrew incorporates the scholarship of the Masoretes (from masoret meaning "tradition"), who added vowel points and grammar points to the Hebrew letters to preserve much earlier features of Hebrew, for use in chanting the Hebrew Bible. The Masoretes inherited a biblical text whose letters were considered too sacred to be altered, so ...
The first treatises on Hebrew grammar appear in the High Middle Ages, in the context of Midrash (a method of interpreting and studying the Hebrew Bible). The Karaite tradition originated in Abbasid Baghdad around the 7th century. The Diqduq (10th century) is one of the earliest grammatical commentaries on the Hebrew Bible. [1]
Paul Joüon (6 February 1871 – 18 February 1940 in Nantes) was a French Jesuit priest, hebraist, Semitic language specialist and member of the Pontifical Biblical Institute. Author of a philological and exegetical commentary on the Book of Ruth (1924), he also wrote A Grammar of Biblical Hebrew for which he received the Volney Prize from the ...