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As of December 2017 there were more than 1.6 million card holders. [4] The CSCS company board has representatives from client and contractor trade bodies as well as employee trade unions. [6] In 2012, Graham Wren joined CSCS as chief executive and decided to move the scheme back towards a focus on qualifications. [3]
The most common type of scarification is mechanical scarification.. In mechanical scarification, the testa is physically opened to allow moisture and air in. [1] Seed coats may be filed with a metal file, rubbed with sandpaper, nicked with a knife, cracked gently with a hammer, or weakened or opened in any other way.
One example of primary succession takes place after a volcano has erupted. The lava flows into the ocean and hardens into new land. The resulting barren land is first colonized by pioneer organisms, like algae, which pave the way for later, less hardy plants, such as hardwood trees, by facilitating pedogenesis, especially through the biotic acceleration of weathering and the addition of ...
The seed bank is one of the key factors for the persistence and density fluctuations of plant populations, especially for annual plants. [4] Perennial plants have vegetative propagules to facilitate forming new plants, migration into new ground, or reestablishment after being top-killed, which are analogous to seed bank in their persistence ability under disturbance.
The formation of the seed is the defining part of the process of reproduction in seed plants (spermatophytes). Other plants such as ferns, mosses and liverworts, do not have seeds and use water-dependent means to propagate themselves. Seed plants now dominate biological niches on land, from forests to grasslands both in hot and cold climates.
Land plants evolved from a group of freshwater green algae, perhaps as early as 850 mya, [3] but algae-like plants might have evolved as early as 1 billion years ago. [2] The closest living relatives of land plants are the charophytes, specifically Charales; if modern Charales are similar to the distant ancestors they share with land plants, this means that the land plants evolved from a ...
CSCS may refer to: Centro Svizzero di Calcolo Scientifico , the Swiss National Supercomputing Centre Certified Strength and Conditioning Specialist, a professional certification for strength and conditioning coaches
The cancer stem cell model, also known as the Hierarchical Model proposes that tumors are hierarchically organized (CSCs lying at the apex [6] (Fig. 3).) Within the cancer population of the tumors there are cancer stem cells (CSC) that are tumorigenic cells and are biologically distinct from other subpopulations [7] They have two defining features: their long-term ability to self-renew and ...