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Premature adrenarche is the most common cause of the early appearance of pubic hair ("premature pubarche") in childhood. In a large proportion of children it seems to be a variation of normal development requiring no treatment. However, there are three clinical issues related to premature adrenarche.
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency is an uncommon form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) resulting from a mutation in the gene for one of the key enzymes in cortisol synthesis by the adrenal gland, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) type II ().
Isolated premature menarche is rarely the first manifestation of precocious puberty. [ citation needed ] When menarche has failed to occur for more than three years after thelarche, or beyond 15 years of age, the delay is referred to as primary amenorrhea .
PWS is characterized by hypogonadism. This is manifested as undescended testes in males and benign premature adrenarche in females. Testes may descend with time or can be managed with surgery or testosterone replacement. Adrenarche may be treated with hormone replacement therapy. [citation needed]
The term is used with several slightly different meanings that are usually apparent from the context. In its broadest sense, and often simplified as early puberty , "precocious puberty" sometimes refers to any physical sex hormone effect, due to any cause, occurring earlier than the usual age, especially when it is being considered as a medical ...
Addison's disease, also known as primary adrenal insufficiency, [4] is a rare long-term endocrine disorder characterized by inadequate production of the steroid hormones cortisol and aldosterone by the two outer layers of the cells of the adrenal glands (adrenal cortex), causing adrenal insufficiency.
eMedicine is an online clinical medical knowledge base founded in 1996 by doctors Scott Plantz and Jonathan Adler, and computer engineers Joanne Berezin and Jeffrey Berezin. The eMedicine website consists of approximately 6,800 medical topic review articles, each of which is associated with a clinical subspecialty "textbook".
An 2012 review article in the Journal of Endocrinology states: "Adrenarche is defined as the time in the human life history, at about 6–7 years of age, when the adrenal androgens (…) begin to increase in concentration in the circulation." (PJ Hornsby. Adrenarche: a cell biological perspective. Journal of Endocrinology (2012) 214, 113–119).