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The use of gold compounds has decreased since the 1980s because of numerous side effects and monitoring requirements, limited efficacy, and very slow onset of action. Most chemical compounds of gold, including some of the drugs discussed below, are not salts, but are examples of metal thiolate complexes .
Sodium aurothiomalate (INN, known in the United States as gold sodium thiomalate) is a gold compound that is used for its immunosuppressive anti-rheumatic effects. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Along with an orally-administered gold salt, auranofin , it is one of only two gold compounds currently employed in modern medicine.
Most drugs based on gold are Au(I) derivatives. [3] Au(III) (referred to as the auric) is a common oxidation state, and is illustrated by gold(III) chloride, Au 2 Cl 6. The gold atom centers in Au(III) complexes, like other d 8 compounds, are typically square planar, with chemical bonds that have both covalent and ionic character.
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Chloro(dimethyl sulfide)gold(I) is commercially available. It may be prepared by dissolving gold in aqua regia (to give chloroauric acid), followed by addition of dimethyl sulfide. [2] Alternatively, sodium tetrachloroaurate may be used as the source of gold(III). [3] The bromo analog, Me 2 SAuBr, has also been synthesized by a similar route. [4]
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Chloro(tetrahydrothiophene)gold(I), abbreviated (tht)AuCl, is a coordination complex of gold. Like the dimethyl sulfide analog , this compound is used as an entry point to gold chemistry. The tetrahydrothiophene ligand is labile and is readily substituted with other stronger ligands.
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