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  2. Coulomb's law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulomb's_law

    This electric force is conventionally called the electrostatic force or Coulomb force. [2] Although the law was known earlier, it was first published in 1785 by French physicist Charles-Augustin de Coulomb .

  3. Lenz's law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenz's_law

    The current induced in a circuit due to a change in a magnetic field is directed to oppose the change in flux and to exert a mechanical force which opposes the motion. Lenz's law is contained in the rigorous treatment of Faraday's law of induction (the magnitude of EMF induced in a coil is proportional to the rate of change of the magnetic flux ...

  4. List of electromagnetism equations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_electromagnetism...

    Lorentz force on a charged particle (of charge q) in motion (velocity v), used as the definition of the E field and B field. Here subscripts e and m are used to differ between electric and magnetic charges. The definitions for monopoles are of theoretical interest, although real magnetic dipoles can be described using pole strengths.

  5. Electromagnetism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetism

    The electromagnetic force is one of the four fundamental forces of nature. It is the dominant force in the interactions of atoms and molecules. Electromagnetism can be thought of as a combination of electrostatics and magnetism, which are distinct but closely intertwined phenomena. Electromagnetic forces occur between any two charged particles.

  6. Faraday's law of induction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faraday's_law_of_induction

    Faraday's law is a single equation describing two different phenomena: the motional emf generated by a magnetic force on a moving wire (see the Lorentz force), and the transformer emf generated by an electric force due to a changing magnetic field (described by the Maxwell–Faraday equation).

  7. Electrostatics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrostatics

    On a conductor, a surface charge will experience a force in the presence of an electric field. This force is the average of the discontinuous electric field at the surface charge. This average in terms of the field just outside the surface amounts to: =,

  8. Electric field - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_field

    An electric field (sometimes called E-field [1]) is a physical field that surrounds electrically charged particles.In classical electromagnetism, the electric field of a single charge (or group of charges) describes their capacity to exert attractive or repulsive forces on another charged object.

  9. Electric potential energy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_potential_energy

    The electrostatic force F acting on a charge q can be written in terms of the electric field E as =, By definition, the change in electrostatic potential energy, U E , of a point charge q that has moved from the reference position r ref to position r in the presence of an electric field E is the negative of the work done by the electrostatic ...