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The impulse excitation technique (IET) is a non-destructive material characterization technique to determine the elastic properties and internal friction of a material of interest. [1] It measures the resonant frequencies in order to calculate the Young's modulus , shear modulus , Poisson's ratio and internal friction of predefined shapes like ...
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The resonant interaction is between free electrons and bound electrons at the surface of a material. Charged particles can be accelerated by resonant interaction with electromagnetic waves. [ 15 ] Scalar particles (neutral atoms) described by the Klein–Gordon equation can be accelerated by gravitational waves ( e.g. those emitted from black ...
[citation needed] Furthermore, the refractive index of the waveguide material, the ring resonator material and the medium material in between the waveguide and the ring resonator also affect the optical coupling. The medium material is usually the most important feature under study since it has a great effect on the transmission of the light wave.
To cause resonance, the phase of a sinusoidal wave after a round trip must be equal to the initial phase so the waves self-reinforce. The condition for resonance in a resonator is that the round trip distance, 2 d {\displaystyle 2d\,} , is equal to an integer number of wavelengths λ {\displaystyle \lambda \,} of the wave:
Resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (RUS) is a laboratory technique used in geology and material science to measure fundamental material properties involving elasticity. This technique relies on the fact that solid objects have natural frequencies at which they vibrate when mechanically excited.
The total CARS signal also contains an inherent non-resonant background. This non-resonant signal can be considered as the result of (several) far off-resonance transitions that also add coherently. The resonant amplitude contains a phase shift of π/2 radians over the resonance whereas the non-resonant part does not.
RIXS is bulk sensitive: the penetration depth of resonant X-ray photons depends on the material and on the scattering geometry, but typically is of the order of a few micrometers in the hard X-rays regime (for example at transition metal K-edges) and on the order of 0.1 micrometers in the soft X-ray regime (e.g. transition metal L-edges). [1 ...