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If the disease remains untreated, it can cause scarring and discomfort in the esophagus. If the irritation is not allowed to heal, esophagitis can result in esophageal ulcers. Esophagitis can develop into Barrett's esophagus and can increase the risk of esophageal cancer. [3]
Peptic ulcer disease is when the inner part of the stomach's gastric mucosa (lining of the stomach), the first part of the small intestine, or sometimes the lower esophagus, gets damaged. An ulcer in the stomach is called a gastric ulcer , while one in the first part of the intestines is a duodenal ulcer . [ 1 ]
Esophageal diseases can derive from congenital conditions, or they can be acquired later in life. Many people experience a burning sensation in their chest occasionally, caused by stomach acids refluxing into the esophagus , normally called heartburn.
The symptoms vary from the severity of the disorder. The most classic sign of AEN is the dark pigmentation of esophageal mucosa in an upper endoscopy, usually viewed as an ulcer or as an infectious disease. [6] Necrosis can be found mostly between the three distals of the esophagus, but stops abruptly at the gastroesophageal junction. [2]
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding can be caused by peptic ulcers, gastric erosions, esophageal varices, and rarer causes such as gastric cancer. The initial assessment includes measurement of the blood pressure and heart rate, as well as blood tests to determine the hemoglobin.
GERD sometimes causes injury to the esophagus. These injuries may include one or more of the following: Reflux esophagitis – inflammation of esophageal epithelium which can cause ulcers near the junction of the stomach and esophagus [19] Esophageal strictures – the persistent narrowing of the esophagus caused by reflux-induced inflammation
Micrograph of an esophageal biopsy showing herpes eosphagitis, with the characteristic nuclear changes (nuclear moulding, chromatin clumping at the nuclear membrane (margination) and multinucleation). H&E stain. Upper Endoscopy often reveals ulcers throughout the esophagus with intervening normal-appearing mucosa.
The most effective diagnostic tool for CMV is endoscopy with biopsy. Generally on inspection of the esophagus large punched out lesions are seen in the middle part of the esophagus. Further histological evaluation of the lesions demonstrates enlarged cells in the sub-epithelial layer with inclusions within the cell's nucleus and its cytoplasm ...
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