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  2. Penicillium - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicillium

    Saprophytic species of Penicillium and Aspergillus are among the best-known representatives of the Eurotiales and live mainly on organic biodegradable substances. Commonly known in America as molds, they are among the main causes of food spoilage, especially species of subgenus Penicillium. [9] Many species produce highly toxic mycotoxins.

  3. Penicillin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicillin

    Like most natural products, penicillin is present in Penicillium moulds as a mixture of active constituents (gentamicin is another example of a natural product that is an ill-defined mixture of active components). [8] The principal active components of Penicillium are listed in the following table: [13] [14]

  4. Penicillium chrysogenum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicillium_chrysogenum

    The discovery of penicillin ushered in a new age of antibiotics derived from microorganisms. Penicillin is an antibiotic isolated from growing Penicillium mold in a fermenter. The mold is grown in a liquid culture containing sugar and other nutrients including a source of nitrogen. As the mold grows, it uses up the sugar and starts to make ...

  5. Penicillium rubens - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicillium_rubens

    Penicillium rubens is a species of fungus in the genus Penicillium and was the first species known to produce the antibiotic penicillin. It was first described by Philibert Melchior Joseph Ehi Biourge in 1923. For the discovery of penicillin from this species Alexander Fleming shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945. [1]

  6. Production of antibiotics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Production_of_antibiotics

    Production of antibiotics is a naturally occurring event, that thanks to advances in science can now be replicated and improved upon in laboratory settings. Due to the discovery of penicillin by Alexander Fleming, and the efforts of Florey and Chain in 1938, large-scale, pharmaceutical production of antibiotics has been made possible.

  7. Ascomycota - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascomycota

    The mold Penicillium is used to produce the antibiotic penicillin. Almost half of all members of the phylum Ascomycota form symbiotic associations with algae to form lichens. Others, such as morels (a highly prized edible fungi), form important mycorrhizal relationships with plants, thereby providing enhanced water and nutrient uptake and, in ...

  8. Fungi imperfecti - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fungi_imperfecti

    Penicillium griseofulvum; Penicillium roqueforti; Penicillium camemberti; Other species of Penicillium are used to improve both the taste and the texture of cheeses [5] Aspergillus oryzae [6] Aspergillus sojae [7] Aspergillus niger [8] Amorphotheca resinae [9] Lecanicillium sp. → these produce conidia which may control certain species of ...

  9. Penicillium commune - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicillium_commune

    Aside from P. roqueforti, P. commune is the only other Penicillium species known to produce roquefortine. The cottonseed study suggested that the neurotoxic effects of this species are minimal. [10] This species does not cause disease in plants, animals or humans. [11]

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