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Aribit (Aripiprazole) tablets. Aripiprazole, sold under the brand names Abilify and Aristada, among others, is an atypical antipsychotic. [8] It is primarily used in the treatment of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and irritability associated with autism spectrum disorder; [8] other uses include as an add-on treatment in major depressive disorder and tic disorders. [8]
Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is a branch of clinical chemistry and clinical pharmacology that specializes in the measurement of medication levels in blood. Its main focus is on drugs with a narrow therapeutic range , i.e. drugs that can easily be under- or overdosed. [ 1 ]
The term neuroleptic is often used as a synonym for antipsychotic, even though – strictly speaking – the two terms are not interchangeable. Antipsychotic drugs are a subgroup of neuroleptic drugs, because the latter have a wider range of effects. [280] [281] Antipsychotics are a type of psychoactive or psychotropic medication. [282] [283]
Typical antipsychotics block the dopamine 2 receptor (D2) receptor, causing a tranquilizing effect. [5] It is thought that 60–80% of D2 receptors need to be occupied for antipsychotic effect. [5] For reference, the typical antipsychotic haloperidol tends to block about 80% of D2 receptors at doses ranging from 2 to 5 mg per day. [5]
Many people can eventually be restarted on a lower dose of antipsychotic. [2] [3] As of 2011, among those in psychiatric hospitals on antipsychotics about 15 per 100,000 are affected per year (0.015%). [1] In the second half of the 20th century rates were over 100 times higher at about 2% (2,000 per 100,000). [1]
Clozapine, sold under the brand name Clozaril among others, is a psychiatric medication and was the first atypical antipsychotic to be discovered. [6] It is primarily used to treat people with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder who have had an inadequate response to two other antipsychotics, or who have been unable to tolerate other drugs due to extrapyramidal side effects.
Penfluridol is indicated for antipsychotic treatment of chronic schizophrenia and similar psychotic disorders, it is, however, like most typical antipsychotics, being increasingly replaced by the atypical antipsychotics. Due to its extremely long-lasting effects, it is often prescribed to be taken orally as tablets only once a week (q 7 days).
Individuals may MUA antipsychotics for various reasons, including recreational purposes, self-medication, or attempting to alter their mental or emotional state.The most common forms of antipsychotic abuse may include non-prescribed use, which involves the use of antipsychotic medications without a valid legal prescription or the absence of medical supervision.