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  2. Absolute configuration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolute_configuration

    Examples of absolute configuration of some carbohydrates and amino acids according to Fischer projection (D/L system) and Cahn–Ingold–Prelog priority rules (R/S system) The R/S system is an important nomenclature system for denoting enantiomers. This approach labels each chiral center R or S according to a system by which its substituents ...

  3. Enantiomer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enantiomer

    There are three common naming conventions for specifying one of the two enantiomers (the absolute configuration) of a given chiral molecule: the R/S system is based on the geometry of the molecule; the (+)- and (−)- system (also written using the obsolete equivalents d- and l-) is based on its optical rotation properties; and the D/L system is based on the molecule's relationship to ...

  4. Stereoisomerism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stereoisomerism

    A configurational stereoisomer is a stereoisomer of a reference molecule that has the opposite configuration at a stereocenter (e.g., R- vs S-or E- vs Z-). This means that configurational isomers can be interconverted only by breaking covalent bonds to the stereocenter, for example, by inverting the configurations of some or all of the ...

  5. Chirality - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chirality

    In case of penicillamine, the (S-isomer is used in the treatment of primary chronic arthritis, whereas the (R)-isomer has no therapeutic effect, as well as being highly toxic. [30] In some cases, the less therapeutically active enantiomer can cause side effects. For example, (S-naproxen is an analgesic but the (R-isomer causes renal problems. [31]

  6. Racemic mixture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racemic_mixture

    In chemistry, a racemic mixture or racemate (/ r eɪ ˈ s iː m eɪ t, r ə-, ˈ r æ s ɪ m eɪ t / [1]) is one that has equal amounts of left- and right-handed enantiomers of a chiral molecule or salt. Racemic mixtures are rare in nature, but many compounds are produced industrially as racemates.

  7. Kinetic resolution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinetic_resolution

    The ideal kinetic resolution is that in which only one enantiomer reacts, i.e. k R >>k S. The selectivity (s) of a kinetic resolution is related to the rate constants of the reaction of the R and S enantiomers, k R and k S respectively, by s=k R /k S, for k R >k S. This selectivity can also be referred to as the relative rates of reaction.

  8. Dynamic kinetic resolution in asymmetric synthesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_Kinetic_Resolution...

    About a decade later, Jurkauskas and Buchwald also utilized dynamic kinetic resolution towards the hydrogenation of conjugated systems. [8] 1,4 addition to cyclic enones is quite common in many reaction schemes, however asymmetric reductions in the presence of an easily epimerizable center adds to the complexity when trying to modify only one center.

  9. Enantiopure drug - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enantiopure_drug

    An enantiopure drug is a pharmaceutical that is available in one specific enantiomeric form. Most biological molecules (proteins, sugars, etc.) are present in only one of many chiral forms, so different enantiomers of a chiral drug molecule bind differently (or not at all) to target receptors.