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Phenomenology has a very strong philosophical component to it. It draws heavily on the writings of the Great German mathematician Edmund Husserl (1859-1938). Phenomenology is popular in the social and health sciences, especially in sociology, nursing and the health sciences, and education.
Research is mainly divided into two categories; qualitative and quantitative. Quantitative research, also known as positivist research, uses numbers to obtain its findings in a precise and systematic way (Aveyard 2011p56). Whereas qualitative research is about understanding, meaning and phenomenology (Taylor 2007p89)
Qualitative research is the best approach when questions on ‘what’, ‘how’ and ‘why’ on a phenomenon are to be answered (Green & Thorogood, 2004). Some of the research traditions that are used in qualitative studies include ethnography, phenomenology and grounded theory (Polit & Cheryl, 2008).
In the case of qualitative research, it is important that the reader can identify the processes involved in arriving at thematic results such as this (Silverman, 2001, pp. 85-101; Kearney, 2001 p. 145). The process of thematic analysis is described in detail, which not only shows a degree of methodological rigour but also enhances replication.
As the purpose of the study is to explore the experiences of nurses, the phenomenological approach is the most appropriate qualitative study design (Polit & Beck, 2008). According to Van Manen (1990) the phenomenology research allows description of the experiential meaning of the phenomenon as experienced by the subject.
As far as research for healthcare practice is concerned, quantitative studies hold better status than those based with a qualitative paradigm (Hek, 2000 p 19; Newman et al, 1998 p 231; Pepler et al, 2006, p 23). There is however no real discussion of the underpinning principles of quantitative research (Parahoo, 2006).
The qualitative design which can be found in article A is phenomenology, this focuses on the lived experience of individuals, this design matches the aim. The primary data source in phenomenological studies is in-depth conversations.
Main Body. Nursing research can be defined as any scientific (i.e. systematic) enquiry into the effectiveness or value of nursing practice (Parahoo, 1997; Sullivan, 1998; Polit & Beck, 2004). It denotes any empirical evidence on which nursing care is based. This includes both quantitative and qualitative research evidence (Comack, 1996).
The CASP is to help a reader develops critical skills so as to be sensitive of scientific research and, therefore, to think reasonably about any research encountered (Public Health Resource Unit, 2007). Both quantitative and qualitative researches can be appraised by using the CASP. Each of the CASP guidelines has ten questions in which ...
There is no one research approach that will cover and suit such a diverse range of subjects (Rees, 1996). Fortunately, there are many research designs to choose from to obtain answers. The NHS Executive (1998) states there are two types of approaches which are used in nursing research. These are qualitative and quantitative research methods.