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It is usually a combination of a Bode magnitude plot, expressing the magnitude (usually in decibels) of the frequency response, and a Bode phase plot, expressing the phase shift. As originally conceived by Hendrik Wade Bode in the 1930s, the plot is an asymptotic approximation of the frequency response, using straight line segments .
Bode plot illustrating phase margin. In electronic amplifiers, the phase margin (PM) is the difference between the phase lag φ (< 0) and -180°, for an amplifier's output signal (relative to its input) at zero dB gain - i.e. unity gain, or that the output signal has the same amplitude as the input.
Magnitude response of a low pass filter with 6 dB per octave or 20 dB per decade roll-off. Measuring the frequency response typically involves exciting the system with an input signal and measuring the resulting output signal, calculating the frequency spectra of the two signals (for example, using the fast Fourier transform for discrete signals), and comparing the spectra to isolate the ...
The Bode plot of a first-order low-pass filter. The frequency response of the Butterworth filter is maximally flat (i.e., has no ripples) in the passband and rolls off towards zero in the stopband. [2] When viewed on a logarithmic Bode plot, the response slopes off linearly towards negative
Funnel plot : This is a useful graph designed to check the existence of publication bias in meta-analyses. Funnel plots, introduced by Light and Pillemer in 1994 [5] and discussed in detail by Egger and colleagues, [6] are useful adjuncts to meta-analyses. A funnel plot is a scatterplot of treatment
The code is kind of kludgy, but makes a good output. Generated in gnuplot with the script below (save as butterworth_bode_plot.plt and then open in gnuplot). Then it was postprocessed with Inkscape. See Wikipedia graph-making tips. Many orders on one plot: Image:Butterworth orders.png
The Nichols plot is a plot used in signal processing and control design, named after American engineer Nathaniel B. Nichols. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It plots the phase response versus the response magnitude of a transfer function for any given frequency, and as such is useful in characterizing a system's frequency response .
Bubble charts can be considered a variation of the scatter plot, in which the data points are replaced with bubbles. As the documentation for Microsoft Office explains, "You can use a bubble chart instead of a scatter chart if your data has three data series that each contain a set of values. The sizes of the bubbles are determined by the ...