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The scale degree chords of A minor are: Tonic – A minor; Supertonic – B diminished; Mediant – C major; Subdominant – D minor; Dominant – E minor; Submediant – F major; Subtonic – G major
the ascending melodic minor scale or jazz minor scale (also known as the Ionian ♭ 3 or Dorian ♮ 7): this form of the scale is also the 5th mode of the acoustic scale. the descending melodic minor scale: this form is identical to the natural minor scale . The ascending and descending forms of the A melodic minor scale are shown below:
The Aeolian mode is identical with the natural minor scale. Thus, it is ubiquitous in minor-key music. The following is a list of some examples that are distinguishable from ordinary minor tonality, which also uses the melodic minor scale and the harmonic minor scale as required. Traditional – "God Rest You Merry, Gentlemen"
The scale is called the harmonic minor scale because it is a common foundation for harmonies (chords) in minor keys. Traditionally, "the main use for harmonic minor, when improvising or creating melodies, is over the V7 chord, not for use over the i chord ."
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The hallmark that distinguishes major keys from minor is whether the third scale degree is major or minor. Major and minor keys are based on the corresponding scales, and the tonic triad of those keys consist of the corresponding chords; however, a major key can encompass minor chords based on other roots, and vice versa.
More often, pieces in a minor mode that have A-flat's pitch as tonic are notated in the enharmonic key, G-sharp minor, because that key has just five sharps as opposed to the seven flats of A-flat minor. In some scores, the A-flat minor key signature in the bass clef is written with the flat for the F on the second line from the top. [nb 1]
These chords are all borrowed from the key of E minor. Similarly, in minor keys, chords from the parallel major may also be "borrowed". For example, in E minor, the diatonic chord built on the fourth scale degree is IVm, or A minor. However, in practice, many songs in E minor will use IV (A major), which is borrowed from the key of E major.