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Version 7 Unix: /etc listing, showing init and rc Version 7 Unix: contents of an /etc/rc Bourne shell script. In Unix-based computer operating systems, init (short for initialization) is the first process started during booting of the operating system. Init is a daemon process that continues running
The init system is the first daemon to start (during booting) and the last daemon to terminate (during shutdown). Historically this was the "SysV init", which was just called "init". More recent Linux distributions are likely to use one of the more modern alternatives such as systemd. Below is a summary of the main init processes:
launchd has two main tasks. The first is to boot the system, and the second is to load and maintain services.. Here is a simplified view of the Mac OS X Tiger system startup on a PowerPC Mac (on an Intel Mac, EFI replaces Open Firmware and boot.efi replaces BootX):
In computer programming, initialization or initialisation is the assignment of an initial value for a data object or variable. The manner in which initialization is performed depends on the programming language, as well as the type, storage class, etc., of an object to be initialized.
Upstart is a discontinued event-based replacement for the traditional init daemon—the method by which several Unix-like computer operating systems perform tasks when the computer is started.
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OpenRC is a dependency-based init system for Unix-like computer operating systems.It was created by Roy Marples, a NetBSD developer who was also active in the Gentoo project. [3] [4] It became more broadly adopted as an init system outside of Gentoo following the decision by some Linux distributions not to adopt systemd.
runit is an init and service management scheme for Unix-like operating systems that initializes, supervises, and ends processes throughout the operating system.Runit is a reimplementation of the daemontools [3] process supervision toolkit that runs on many Linux-based operating systems, as well as BSD, and Solaris operating systems.