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Ultimate loss amounts are necessary for determining an insurance company's carried reserves. They are also useful for determining adequate insurance premiums, when loss experience is used as a rating factor [4] [5] [6] Loss development factors are used in all triangular methods of loss reserving, [7] such as the chain-ladder method.
The chain-ladder or development [1] method is a prominent [2] [3] actuarial loss reserving technique. The chain-ladder method is used in both the property and casualty [1] [4] and health insurance [5] fields. Its intent is to estimate incurred but not reported claims and project ultimate loss amounts. [5]
In insurance, an actuarial reserve is a reserve set aside for future insurance liabilities. It is generally equal to the actuarial present value of the future cash flows of a contingent event. In the insurance context an actuarial reserve is the present value of the future cash flows of an insurance policy and the total liability of the insurer ...
It is primarily used in the property and casualty [5] [9] and health insurance [2] fields. Generally considered a blend of the chain-ladder and expected claims loss reserving methods, [ 2 ] [ 8 ] [ 10 ] the Bornhuetter–Ferguson method uses both reported or paid losses as well as an a priori expected loss ratio to arrive at an ultimate loss ...
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to actuarial science: Actuarial science – discipline that applies mathematical and statistical methods to assess risk in the insurance and finance industries.
Many other life insurance companies and pension funds were created over the following 200 years. Equitable Life was the first to use the word "actuary" for its chief executive officer in 1762. [22] Previously, "actuary" meant an official who recorded the decisions, or "acts", of ecclesiastical courts. [19]
Actuarial credibility describes an approach used by actuaries to improve statistical estimates. Although the approach can be formulated in either a frequentist or Bayesian statistical setting, the latter is often preferred because of the ease of recognizing more than one source of randomness through both "sampling" and "prior" information.
Actuarial notation is a shorthand method to allow actuaries to record mathematical formulas that deal with interest rates and life tables. Traditional notation uses a halo system , where symbols are placed as superscript or subscript before or after the main letter.