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Thyroid lymphoma represents about 5% of thyroid malignancies. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is the most common type and can be secondary to generalized lymphoma or a primary tumour. Primary thyroid lymphoma usually pre-exists with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. On CT scans with and without contrast, lymphomas tend to have low attenuation values.
After long-term heavy strain, levels of thyroid hormones decrease. [2] This is exacerbated by other stressors such as undernutrition and lack of sleep, such as in a military training setting. During endurance exercise, before exhaustion, elevated thyroid hormone levels may happen due to increased expected energy demand (type 2 allostatic load). [2]
The thyroid, or thyroid gland, is an endocrine gland in vertebrates. In humans, it is a butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck below the Adam's apple. It consists of two connected lobes. The lower two thirds of the lobes are connected by a thin band of tissue called the isthmus (pl.: isthmi).
The prevalence of tissue heterogeneity in publicly available gene-expression studies is estimated between 1% and 40%, varying by tissues of origin. [3] Detected tissue heterogeneity may be used to weight samples in differential gene-expression analysis to reduce the impact of the heterogeneity.
Parafollicular cells, also called C cells, are neuroendocrine cells in the thyroid. They are called C cells because the primary function of these cells is to secrete calcitonin. [1] They are located adjacent to the thyroid follicles and reside in the connective tissue. These cells are large and have a pale stain compared with the follicular cells.
18510 Ensembl ENSG00000125618 ENSMUSG00000026976 UniProt Q06710 Q00288 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_003466 NM_013951 NM_013952 NM_013953 NM_013992 NM_011040 RefSeq (protein) NP_003457 NP_039246 NP_039247 NP_054698 NP_035170 Location (UCSC) Chr 2: 113.22 – 113.28 Mb Chr 2: 24.31 – 24.37 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Paired box gene 8, also known as PAX8, is a protein which ...
Thyroid dysgenesis is a cause of congenital hypothyroidism [1] where the thyroid is missing (thyroid agenesis), ectopic, or severely underdeveloped. It should not be confused with iodine deficiency , or with other forms of congenital hypothyroidism , such as thyroid dyshormonogenesis , where the thyroid is present but not functioning correctly.
Thyroid disease is a medical condition that affects the structure and/or function of the thyroid gland. The thyroid gland is located at the front of the neck and produces thyroid hormones [1] that travel through the blood to help regulate many other organs, meaning that it is an endocrine organ. These hormones normally act in the body to ...