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  2. Lattice Boltzmann methods - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lattice_Boltzmann_methods

    Schematic of D2Q9 lattice vectors for 2D Lattice Boltzmann. Unlike CFD methods that solve the conservation equations of macroscopic properties (i.e., mass, momentum, and energy) numerically, LBM models the fluid consisting of fictive particles, and such particles perform consecutive propagation and collision processes over a discrete lattice.

  3. Space velocity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_velocity

    Space velocity may refer to: Space velocity (astronomy) , the velocity of a star in the galactic coordinate system Space velocity (chemistry) , the relation between volumetric flow rate and reactor volume in a chemical reactor

  4. Residence time - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Residence_time

    The concept of residence time originated in models of chemical reactors. The first such model was an axial dispersion model by Irving Langmuir in 1908. This received little attention for 45 years; other models were developed such as the plug flow reactor model and the continuous stirred-tank reactor, and the concept of a washout function (representing the response to a sudden change in the ...

  5. Continuous stirred-tank reactor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/.../Continuous_stirred-tank_reactor

    The continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR), also known as vat-or backmix reactor, mixed flow reactor (MFR), or a continuous-flow stirred-tank reactor (CFSTR), is a common model for a chemical reactor in chemical engineering and environmental engineering. A CSTR often refers to a model used to estimate the key unit operation variables when using ...

  6. Plug flow reactor model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plug_flow_reactor_model

    An ideal plug flow reactor has a fixed residence time: Any fluid (plug) that enters the reactor at time will exit the reactor at time +, where is the residence time of the reactor. The residence time distribution function is therefore a Dirac delta function at τ {\displaystyle \tau } .

  7. Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell–Boltzmann...

    For a system containing a large number of identical non-interacting, non-relativistic classical particles in thermodynamic equilibrium, the fraction of the particles within an infinitesimal element of the three-dimensional velocity space d 3 v, centered on a velocity vector of magnitude , is given by = [] / ⁡ , where:

  8. Computational fluid dynamics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational_fluid_dynamics

    A computer simulation of high velocity air flow around the Space Shuttle during re-entry A simulation of the Hyper-X scramjet vehicle in operation at Mach-7. The fundamental basis of almost all CFD problems is the Navier–Stokes equations, which define many single-phase (gas or liquid, but not both) fluid flows.

  9. Alkylation unit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkylation_unit

    Olefin space velocity; Olefin space velocity is defined as the volume of olefin charged per hour divided by the average volume of sulfuric acid in the contactor reactor. In general, higher olefin space velocities tend to increase sulfuric acid consumption rates and decrease alkylate octane. Mixing