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Computational sustainability is an emerging field that attempts to balance societal, economic, and environmental resources for the future well-being of humanity using methods from mathematics, computer science, and information science fields.
Social computing is an area of computer science that is concerned with the intersection of social behavior and computational systems. It is based on creating or recreating social conventions and social contexts through the use of software and technology.
Digital society-focused approach, where computational social scientists seek to address problems emerging in algorithmic society, such as algorithmic bias. Social theory perspective , where the aim of computational methods is to further social theory , i.e., help to find evidence to current theories or propose alternative conceptualizations to ...
Computer virtualization refers to the abstraction of computer resources, such as the process of running two or more logical computer systems on one set of physical hardware. The concept originated with the IBM mainframe operating systems of the 1960s, and was commercialized for x86 -compatible computers, and other computer systems, in the 1990s.
The importance of stone tools, circa 2.5 million years ago, is considered fundamental in the human development in the hunting hypothesis. [citation needed]Primatologist, Richard Wrangham, theorizes that the control of fire by early humans and the associated development of cooking was the spark that radically changed human evolution. [2]
Computational sociology is a branch of sociology that uses computationally intensive methods to analyze and model social phenomena. Using computer simulations, artificial intelligence, complex statistical methods, and analytic approaches like social network analysis, computational sociology develops and tests theories of complex social processes through bottom-up modeling of social interactions.
Social informatics is a young intellectual movement and its future is still being defined. However, because SST theorists such as Williams and Edge suggest that the amorphous boundaries between humans and technology that emerge in social shaping technology research indicate that technology is not a distinct social endeavor worthy of individual study, [6] indicating that there is a need for ...
Technology is the application of conceptual knowledge to achieve practical goals, especially in a reproducible way. [1] The word technology can also mean the products resulting from such efforts, [2] [3] including both tangible tools such as utensils or machines, and intangible ones such as software.