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The "backbone" of a polyphosphoric acid molecule is a chain of alternating P and O atoms. Each extra orthophosphoric unit that is condensed adds 1 extra H atom, 1 extra P atom, and 3 extra O atoms. The general formula of a polyphosphoric acid is H n+2 P n O 3n+1 or HO[−P(O)(OH)−O−] n H.
Polyphosphates arise by polymerization of phosphoric acid derivatives. The process begins with two phosphate units coming together in a condensation reaction. 2 H(PO 4) 2− ⇌ (P 2 O 7) 4− + H 2 O. The condensation is shown as an equilibrium because the reverse reaction, hydrolysis, is also possible.
Phosphoric acid (orthophosphoric acid, monophosphoric acid or phosphoric(V) acid) is a colorless, odorless phosphorus-containing solid, and inorganic compound with the chemical formula H 3 P O 4. It is commonly encountered as an 85% aqueous solution , which is a colourless, odourless, and non- volatile syrupy liquid.
Pyrophosphoric acid, also known as diphosphoric acid, is the inorganic compound with the formula H 4 P 2 O 7 or, more descriptively, [(HO) 2 P(O)] 2 O. Colorless and odorless, it is soluble in water, diethyl ether, and ethyl alcohol. The anhydrous acid crystallizes in two polymorphs, which melt at 54.3 and 71.5 °C.
Ammonium polyphosphate is an inorganic salt of polyphosphoric acid and ammonia containing both chains and possibly branching. Its chemical formula is H(NH 4 PO 3) n OH showing that each monomer consists of an orthophosphate radical of a phosphorus atom with three oxygens and one negative charge neutralized by an ammonium cation leaving two bonds free to polymerize.
In chemistry, a phosphate is an anion, salt, functional group or ester derived from a phosphoric acid. It most commonly means orthophosphate, a derivative of orthophosphoric acid, a.k.a. phosphoric acid H 3 PO 4. The phosphate or orthophosphate ion [PO 4] 3− is derived from phosphoric acid by the removal of three protons H +.
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Phosphorous acid (or phosphonic acid) is the compound described by the formula H 3 PO 3. This acid is diprotic (readily ionizes two protons), not triprotic as might be suggested by this formula. Phosphorous acid is an intermediate in the preparation of other phosphorus compounds. Organic derivatives of phosphorous acid, compounds with the ...