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Eurycea longicauda, commonly known as the long-tailed salamander [5] or longtail salamander, [6] is a species of lungless salamander native to the Appalachian Region of the eastern United States. It is a " cave salamander " that frequents twilight zones of caves and also inhabits springs and surrounding forest.
The four-toed salamander can be easily mistaken for the redback salamander (Plethodon cinereus) in the wild. The redback salamander's underbelly has more numerous black markings. Unlike the four-toed salamander, the redback salamander has no constriction at the tail base, and its posterior limbs show five digits. [3]: 241–242
Plethodontidae, or lungless salamanders, are a family of salamanders. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] With over 500 species, lungless salamanders are by far the largest family of salamanders in terms of their diversity. Most species are native to the Western Hemisphere , from British Columbia to Brazil.
An adult salamander generally resembles a small lizard, having a basal tetrapod body form with a cylindrical trunk, four limbs, and a long tail. Except in the family Salamandridae, the head, body, and tail have a number of vertical depressions in the surface which run from the mid-dorsal region to the ventral area and are known as costal grooves .
The cave salamander is a relatively large lungless salamander, ranging in total length from 10 to 20 cm (4 to 8 in). The tail makes up a significant proportion of the total length, up to 60–65%. [4] Post-metamorphic individuals have orange to reddish orange backs and a pale, unmarked ventral surface.
The northern two-lined salamander is a small salamander, with adults ranging from 65–120 mm in total length. [4] This salamander is yellow or yellowish-brown, with two black stripes running down the back which tends to break up after the base of the tail. The flanks are mottled grayish or brown. [5] The belly is pale yellowish, nearly ...
The long-toed salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum, Baird 1849) [4] is a mole salamander in the family Ambystomatidae.This species, typically 4.1–8.9 cm (1 3/5–3½ in) long when mature, is characterized by its mottled black, brown and yellow pigmentation, and its long outer fourth toe on the hind limbs.
This salamander has longer and sharper teeth than many others within the order, Urodela. Aneides lugubris are insectivorous and have been found to eat beetles, caterpillars, sow bugs, ants, and centipedes. [7] The tail is prehensile. The juvenile is dark overall, clouded with greyish color and fine yellow speckling on the back.