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According to the 2011 census, there are 870,774 Catholics belonging to the Latin Church in Romania, making up 4.33% of the population.The largest ethnic groups are Hungarians (500,444, including Székelys; 41% of the Hungarians), Romanians (297,246 or 1.8%), Germans (21,324 or 59%), and Roma (20,821 or 3.3%), as well as a majority of the country's Slovaks, Bulgarians, Croats, Italians, Czechs ...
The Romanian Orthodox Church, an intensely national body that had made significant contributions to Romanian culture from the 14th century on, came to be regarded by the regime as a natural partner. As a result of this second co-optation, this time as an ally, the church entered a period of dramatic recovery.
The earliest Romanian translations of religious texts appeared in the 15th century, and the first complete translation of the Bible was published in 1688. The oldest proof that an Orthodox church hierarchy existed among the Romanians north of the river Danube is a papal bull of 1234.
Although the core religious vocabulary of the Romanian language originated from Latin, [201] many terms were adopted from the Slavic Orthodoxy, [202] showing a significant influence dating from the Bulgarian Empire (681–1396). [203]
University of Iași is established, as the first institution of higher education in Romanian language with faculties of literature, philosophy, law, science and medicine and schools in music and art. The Romanian Army is founded. Romania switches from Cyrillic script to the Latin script that is still in use today. 1861
A 2004 study by Morar et al. concluded that the Romani population "was founded approximately 32–40 generations ago, with secondary and tertiary founder events occurring approximately 16–25 generations ago". [189] Haplogroup H-M82 is a major lineage cluster in the Balkan Romani group, accounting for approximately 60% of the total. [190]
It is the third-largest Eastern Orthodox Church in the world, [341] and unlike other Orthodox churches, it functions within a Latin culture and uses a Romance liturgical language. [342] Its canonical jurisdiction covers the territories of Romania and Moldova. [343] Romania has the world's third-largest Eastern Orthodox population. [344] [345]
The language, while based on Church Slavonic, was influenced by the Slavic languages used by surrounding peoples. The most important influences were from Middle and Modern Bulgarian, with influences from Serbian (in Wallachia) and Russian (in Moldavia). Starting with the 15th century, the language was also influenced by Romanian language. [2]