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2. Carbenicillin - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbenicillin

   Carbenicillin has been shown to be effective against bacteria responsible for causing urinary tract infections including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and some Proteus species. The following represents carbenicillin susceptibility data for a few medically significant organisms. [3]

3. Penicillin - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicillin

   Doses higher than 500 mg are not fully effective because of poor absorption. It is used for the same bacterial infections as those of penicillin G and is the most widely used form of penicillin. [34] However, it is not used for diseases, such as endocarditis, where high blood levels of penicillin are required.

4. Pathogenic Escherichia coli - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathogenic_Escherichia_coli

   As gram-negative organisms, E. coli are resistant to many antibiotics that are effective against gram-positive organisms. Antibiotics which may be used to treat E. coli infection include amoxicillin , as well as other semisynthetic penicillins, many cephalosporins , carbapenems , aztreonam , trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole , ciprofloxacin ...

5. List of antibiotics - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_antibiotics

   Wide range of infections; penicillin used for streptococcal infections, syphilis, and Lyme disease: Gastrointestinal upset and diarrhea; Allergy with serious anaphylactic reactions; Brain and kidney damage (rare) Same mode of action as other beta-lactam antibiotics: disrupt the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls ...

6. Bloodstream infection - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloodstream_infection

   Bloodstream infections (BSIs) are infections of blood caused by blood-borne pathogens. [1] The detection of microbes in the blood (most commonly accomplished by blood cultures [2]) is always abnormal. A bloodstream infection is different from sepsis, which is characterized by severe inflammatory or immune responses of the host organism to ...

7. Beta-lactamase - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta-lactamase

   Escherichia coli bacteria on the right are sensitive to two beta-lactam antibiotics, and do not grow in the semi-circular regions surrounding antibiotics. E. coli bacteria on the left are resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics, and grow next to one antibiotic (bottom) and are less inhibited by another antibiotic (top).

8. Antibiotic sensitivity testing - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibiotic_sensitivity_testing

   The effectiveness of individual antibiotics varies with the anatomical site of the infection, the ability of the antibiotic to reach the site of infection, and the ability of the bacteria to resist or inactivate the antibiotic. [34] Specimens for antibiotic sensitivity testing are ideally collected before treatment is started. [1]

9. Penicillin-binding proteins - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicillin-binding_proteins

   PBPs normally catalyze the cross-linking of the bacterial cell wall, but they can be permanently inhibited by penicillin and other β-lactam antibiotics. (NAM = N-acetylmuramic acid; NAG = N-acetylglucosamine) [2] Penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) are a group of proteins that are characterized by their affinity for and binding of penicillin.