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2. Attenuator (electronics) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attenuator_(electronics)

   Fixed attenuators in circuits are used to lower voltage, dissipate power, and to improve impedance matching. In measuring signals, attenuator pads or adapters are used to lower the amplitude of the signal a known amount to enable measurements, or to protect the measuring device from signal levels that might damage it. Attenuators are also used ...

3. Π pad - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Π_pad

   The Π pad (pi pad) is a specific type of attenuator circuit in electronics whereby the topology of the circuit is formed in the shape of the Greek capital letter pi (Π). Attenuators are used in electronics to reduce the level of a signal. They are also referred to as pads due to their effect of padding down a signal by analogy with acoustics ...

4. Impedance matching - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impedance_matching

   To match the impedances, both cables must be connected to a matching transformer with a turns ratio of 2:1. In this example, the 300-ohm line is connected to the transformer side with more turns; the 75-ohm cable is connected to the transformer side with fewer turns. The formula for calculating the transformer turns ratio for this example is:

5. Reciprocity (electrical networks) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reciprocity_(electrical...

   An asymmetrical attenuator in Pi formation with resistor values 20, 12 and 8 Ω left to right. Injecting 6 amperes into port 1 of this network produces 24 volts at port 2. The previous attenuator showing port 1 current splitting to 3 A in each branch. Injecting 6 amperes into port 2 produces 24 volts at port 1.

6. Free-space path loss - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free-space_path_loss

   In telecommunications, the free-space path loss (FSPL) (also known as free-space loss, FSL) is the attenuation of radio energy between the feedpoints of two antennas that results from the combination of the receiving antenna's capture area plus the obstacle-free, line-of-sight (LoS) path through free space (usually air). [1]

7. T pad - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T_pad

   An attenuator is a form of a two-port network with a generator connected to one port and a load connected to the other. In all of the circuits given below it is assumed that the generator and load impedances are purely resistive (though not necessarily equal) and that the attenuator circuit is required to perfectly match to these.

8. Quarter-wave impedance transformer - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quarter-wave_impedance...

   Similar properties can be realized using either a "T" or "PI" network consisting of lumped elements each of which has a reactance equal to the Zo of the simulated one-quarter wavelength (λ), transmission line. [8] This realization of the transformer is useful at lower frequencies where a quarter-wave transmission line would be impractically long.

9. Zobel network - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zobel_network

   The effective bandwidth of the line can be increased with a section that is a high-pass filter matching this roll-off, combined with an attenuator. In the flat part of the pass-band only the attenuator part of the filter section is significant. This is set at an attenuation equal to the level of the highest frequency of interest.