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Ion Antonescu (/ ˌ æ n t ə ˈ n ɛ s k uː /; Romanian: [i'on antoˈnesku] ⓘ; 14 June [O.S. 2 June] 1882 – 1 June 1946) was a Romanian military officer and marshal who presided over two successive wartime dictatorships as Prime Minister and Conducător during most of World War II.
Antonescu and Adolf Hitler at the Führerbau in Munich (June 1941).. In the immediate wake of the loss of Northern Transylvania, on 4 September 1940, the Iron Guard (led by Horia Sima) and General (later Marshal) Ion Antonescu united to form the "National Legionary State", which forced the abdication of Carol II in favor of his 19-year-old son Michael.
General Secretary of the Romanian Communist Party: 21 February 1948 General Secretary of the Romanian Workers' Party: Gheorghe Apostol (1913–2010) 19 April 1954 30 September 1955 1 year, 164 days First Secretary of the Romanian Workers' Party: Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej (1901–1965) 30 September 1955 19 March 1965 (Died) 9 years, 170 days ...
Mary Shapard (c. 1882–1950s) – American author and peace activist who was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize; she was reportedly the first American to advocate for the formation of a "league of nations" during World War I and was also reportedly the source of the original text used by U.S. President Woodrow Wilson to draft his Covenant of ...
The coup also marked the last instance when Romania's actions significantly influenced the wider course of the war. [6] Romanian and Soviet soldiers shaking hands in Bucharest after the coup, 30 August 1944. The coup sped the Red Army's advance into Romania. [7] Romanian historians claimed that the coup shortened the war by as much as "six months."
Romania slipped into chaos within weeks: Jew-beating became a daily occurrence, tens of thousands of Lăncieri (the paramilitary wing of the National Christian Party) carried out street violence and gang warfare against the Iron Guard, shops were closed, and the exchange rate collapsed. Romania appeared to be on the brink of civil war. [9]
In the course of World War II, Romania, which was allied with the Axis Powers, not only re-annexed Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina, but also took under administrative control lands to the east of Dniester (parts of recently formed Moldavian SSR, and of Odessa and Vinnytsia oblasts of Ukrainian SSR), creating Transnistria Governorate.
13 February – The Budapest Offensive and the Siege of Budapest end with Nazi troops surrendering Budapest, Hungary, to Soviet-Romanian forces. [3] 24 February – In Bucharest, the Communist Party and its allies organize a mass rally in front of the Royal Palace to call for Prime Minister Nicolae Rădescu's resignation. As the protest carries ...