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Schematic of a simplified sewer: Smaller diameter pipes are laid at a shallower depth and at a flatter gradient than for conventional sewers. [1]Simplified sewerage, also called small-bore sewerage, is a sewer system that collects all household wastewater (blackwater and greywater) in small-diameter pipes laid at fairly flat gradients.
Vitrified clay pipe (VCP) is pipe made from a blend of clay and shale that has been subjected to high temperature to achieve vitrification, which results in a hard, inert ceramic. VCP is commonly used in gravity sewer collection mains because of its long life and resistance to almost all domestic and industrial sewage , particularly the ...
Effluent sewer systems are a much less common sewage disposal method than gravity sewer systems that use gravity, as well as pumping where needed, to send raw sewage and other wastewater straight from consumers to a sewage treatment plant. There are two main types of gravity sewers, sanitary and combined. Sanitary sewers only treat the ...
Pacific Sewer Pipe Company (Pacific Clay Products after 1916) Los Angeles, Los Nietos: 1910–1916: Sewer pipe [37] Pat and Covey Stewart: Laguna Beach: 1940s: Art ware [11] Peterson Studios: El Segundo: 1950s: Art ware [11] Phyllis Lester: Los Angeles: 1940s: Art ware [11] Pillin Pottery: Los Angeles: early 1948-1992: Art ware [14] Pixie ...
Map of London sewer network, late 19th century. Sewerage (or sewage system) is the infrastructure that conveys sewage or surface runoff (stormwater, meltwater, rainwater) using sewers. It encompasses components such as receiving drains, manholes, pumping stations, storm overflows, and screening chambers of the combined sewer or sanitary sewer.
A sanitary sewer is an underground pipe or tunnel system for transporting sewage from houses and commercial buildings (but not stormwater) to a sewage treatment plant or disposal. Sanitary sewers are a type of gravity sewer and are part of an overall system called a "sewage system" or sewerage .
In a typical set-up, a receiving well is provided close to the properties being served so that all sewage can gravitate to the well. An electric macerator pump (also called a grinder pump) pumps the finely macerated sewage through a narrow diameter continuous plastic pipe which discharges into the nearest gravity sewer or treatment plant. The ...
A pipe laser, or another vertical distance measuring device is most commonly used for this. Invert levels are important for the drainage of a non-pressured fluid pipe. Typically, a good design requires that the invert level of the pipe will be lower (or at least not higher) for each section of pipe before it reaches its final destination. [5]