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Copiers can also use other technologies, such as inkjet, but xerography is standard for office copying. Commercial xerographic office photocopying [1] gradually replaced copies made by verifax, photostat, carbon paper, mimeograph machines, and other duplicating machines. Photocopying is widely used in the business, education, and government ...
Prior to the introduction of inks made with aniline dyes in 1856, the quality of copies made on letter copying presses was limited by the properties of the available copying inks. Some documents that were to be copied with copying presses were written with copying pencils rather than copying ink. The cores of copying pencils, which appear to ...
Methods of copying handwritten letters Manifold stylographic writer, using early "carbonic paper" Letter copying book process; Mechanical processes Tracing to make accurate hand-drawn copies; Pantograph, manual device for making drawn copies without tracing, can also enlarge or reduce; Printmaking, which includes engraving and etching
According to Suraiya Faroqhi, lack of interest and religious reasons were among the reasons for the slow adoption of the printing press outside Europe: Thus, printing in the Arabic script, after encountering strong opposition by Muslim legal scholars and manuscript scribes, remained formally or informally prohibited in the Ottoman Empire ...
By copying and preserving these texts, Buddhists could accrue personal merit. ... (1496 – 1570), claimed that printing was invented in China and spread to Europe ...
David Gestetner was born in Hungary in 1854, and after working in Vienna and New York, he moved to London, England, filing his first copying patent there in 1879. [2] A later patent in 1881 was for the Cyclostyle, a stylus that was part of the Cyclograph copying device. [2]
By 1500, the printing presses in operation throughout Western Europe had already produced more than twenty million copies. [5] In the following century, their output rose tenfold to an estimated 150 to 200 million copies. [5] European printing presses of around 1600 were capable of producing between 1,500 [54] and 3,600 impressions per workday. [3]
Thermo-Fax (very often Thermo fax [1]) is 3M's trademarked name for a photocopying technology which was introduced in 1950. [2] [3] It was a form of thermographic printing and an example of a dry silver process. [4] It was a significant advance as no chemicals were required, other than those contained in the copy paper itself.