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The International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 12(3), 80–97. Bates, T. (2005). Technology, e-learning and distance education: RoutledgeFalmer. Bender, Tisha. (2023) Discussion-based online teaching to enhance student learning: Theory, practice and assessment (Taylor & Francis).
However, the equivalency theory of distance education posits that all students should have learning experiences of equal value and that it is the responsibility of the instructional designer to create learning experiences for the distance learner that will be successful in meeting the course objectives. [37]
Open educational resources (OER) [1] are teaching, learning, and research materials intentionally created and licensed to be free for the end user to own, share, and in most cases, modify. [2] [3] The term "OER" describes publicly accessible materials and resources for any user to use, re-mix, improve, and redistribute under some licenses. [4]
Assessment of learning mostly occurs at the conclusion of a class, course, semester or academic year while assessment for learning is generally formative in nature and is used by teachers to consider approaches to teaching and next steps for individual learners and the class. [15] A common form of formative assessment is diagnostic assessment ...
The latest generation of distance learning systems take into account the students' answers and adapt themselves to the student's cognitive abilities using a concept called 'cognitive scaffolding'. Cognitive scaffolding is the ability of an automated learning system to create a cognitive path of assessment from lowest to highest based on the ...
Number of Students Taking Distance Courses by Level (2012-2015) [1] Percentage of Students Taking Distance Courses (2012-2015) [1] An online school (virtual school, e-school, or cyber-school) teaches students entirely or primarily online or through the Internet. Online education exists all around the world and is used for all levels of ...
The Collegiate Learning Assessment (CLA) is a standardized testing initiative in United States higher educational evaluation and assessment. It uses a "value-added" outcome model to examine a college or university's contribution to student learning which relies on the institution, rather than the individual student, as the primary unit of analysis.
This form of assessment helps determine a baseline so that when a summative assessment or post-test is given, quantitative evidence is provided showing that learning has occurred. Formative assessment – Formative assessment is used to provide feedback during the learning process. In online assessment situations, objective questions are posed ...