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The lemma or citation form of a Korean verb is the form that ends in ta 다 da without a tense-aspect marker. For verbs, this form was used as an imperfect declarative form in Middle Korean, [3] but is no longer used in Modern Korean. [4] For adjectives, this form is the non-past declarative form.
In morphology and lexicography, a lemma (pl.: lemmas or lemmata) is the canonical form, [1] dictionary form, or citation form of a set of word forms. [2] In English, for example, break, breaks, broke, broken and breaking are forms of the same lexeme, with break as the lemma by which they are indexed.
For example, in English, the verb 'to walk' may appear as 'walk', 'walked', 'walks' or 'walking'. The base form, 'walk', that one might look up in a dictionary, is called the lemma for the word. The association of the base form with a part of speech is often called a lexeme of the word. Lemmatization is closely related to stemming.
This article uses a form of Yale romanization to illustrate the morphology of Korean words. The Yale system is different from the Revised Romanization of Korean seen with place names. Under the version of Yale used here, morphemes are written according to their underlying form rather than their spelling in the Korean writing system or ...
The names of the seven levels are derived from the non-honorific imperative form of the verb hada (하다; "to do") in each level, plus the suffix che , which means "style". Each Korean speech level can be combined with honorific or non-honorific noun and verb forms. Taken together, there are 14 combinations.
Burnside's lemma also known as the Cauchy–Frobenius lemma; Frattini's lemma (finite groups) Goursat's lemma; Mautner's lemma (representation theory) Ping-pong lemma (geometric group theory) Schreier's subgroup lemma; Schur's lemma (representation theory) Zassenhaus lemma
Tone marks (bangjeom, 방점, 傍點): were used in Middle Korean, written to the left of a syllabic square (but encoded after the leading Hangul jamo or syllable if encoded as a combining diacritic), and was used with the vertical presentation; for example in the Eonhaebon version (mixed Hanja and Hangul) of the Hunminjeongeum Eonhae):
Gugyeol used specialized markings, together with a subset of hanja, to represent Korean morphological markers as an aid for Korean readers to understand the grammar of Chinese texts. Also, the idu and the hyangchal systems appear to have been used primarily to render Korean into hanja ; on the other hand, gugyeol sought to render Chinese texts ...