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  2. Comparative anatomy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparative_anatomy

    Analogous structures - structures similar in different organisms because, in convergent evolution, they evolved in a similar environment, rather than were inherited from a recent common ancestor. They usually serve the same or similar purposes. An example is the streamlined torpedo body shape of porpoises and sharks. So even though they evolved ...

  3. Divergent evolution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divergent_evolution

    Convergent evolution is the development of analogous structures that occurs in different species as a result of those two species facing similar environmental pressures and adapting in similar ways. It differs from divergent evolution as the species involved do not descend from a closely related common ancestor and the traits accumulated are ...

  4. Convergent evolution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convergent_evolution

    The recurrent evolution of flight is a classic example, as flying insects, birds, pterosaurs, and bats have independently evolved the useful capacity of flight. Functionally similar features that have arisen through convergent evolution are analogous, whereas homologous structures or traits have a common origin but can have dissimilar functions.

  5. File:Analogous & Homologous Structures.svg - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Analogous_&_Homologous...

    In the horizontal direction, the structures are homologous in their morphology, or anatomy, but different in their function due to differences in habitat. In the vertical direction, the structures are analogous in function due to similar lifestyles of organisms but anatomically different since they are part of different groups.

  6. Glossary of genetics and evolutionary biology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_genetics_and...

    analogous structures A set of morphological structures in different organisms which have similar form or function but were not present in the organisms' last common ancestor. The cladistic term for the same phenomenon is homoplasy. ancestor ancestral trait. Also called an ancestral character, primitive character, or primitive trait.

  7. List of examples of convergent evolution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_examples_of...

    The most well-studied example is the Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, which independently evolved at the same positions regardless of the underlying sublineage. [272] The most ominent examples from the pre-Omicron era were E484K and N501Y, while in the Omicron era examples include R493Q, R346X, N444X, L452X, N460X, F486X, and F490X.

  8. Human vestigiality - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_vestigiality

    Human vestigial structures also include leftover embryological remnants that once served a function during development, such as the belly button, and analogous structures between biological sexes. For example, men are also born with two nipples, which are not known to serve a function compared to women. [47]

  9. Homology (biology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homology_(biology)

    For example, the wings of insects and birds evolved independently in widely separated groups, and converged functionally to support powered flight, so they are analogous. Similarly, the wings of a sycamore maple seed and the wings of a bird are analogous but not homologous, as they develop from quite different structures.