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The operating system (prominent examples being Microsoft Windows, macOS, Linux, and z/OS), allows the parts of a computer to work together by performing tasks like transferring data between memory and disks or rendering output onto a display device.
The integrated circuit is an essential invention to produce modern software systems. [2]The first use of the word software is credited to mathematician John Wilder Tukey in 1958. [3]
Application software is any computer program that is intended for end-user use – not operating, administering or programming the computer. An application (app, application program, software application) is any program that can be categorized as application software.
Developer: Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, Brian Kernighan, Douglas McIlroy, and Joe Ossanna at Bell Labs: Written in: C and assembly language: OS family: Unix: Source model: Historically proprietary software, while some Unix projects (including BSD family and illumos) are open-source
The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is a reference model from the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) that "provides a common basis for the coordination of standards development for the purpose of systems interconnection."
In a modern operating system, upon entry the execution context of a hardware interrupt handler is subtle. For reasons of performance, the handler will typically be initiated in the memory and execution context of the running process, to which it has no special connection (the interrupt is essentially usurping the running context—proces
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