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  2. Ordered pair - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordered_pair

    The ordered pair (a, b) is different from the ordered pair (b, a), unless a = b. In contrast, the unordered pair, denoted {a, b}, always equals the unordered pair {b, a}. Ordered pairs are also called 2-tuples, or sequences (sometimes, lists in a computer science context) of length 2. Ordered pairs of scalars are sometimes called 2-dimensional ...

  3. Orthogonal array - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthogonal_Array

    The example at left is that of an orthogonal array with symbol set {1,2} and strength 2. Notice that the four ordered pairs (2-tuples) formed by the rows restricted to the first and third columns, namely (1,1), (2,1), (1,2) and (2,2), are all the possible ordered pairs of the two element set and each appears exactly once.

  4. Relation (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relation_(mathematics)

    Given a set X, a relation R over X is a set of ordered pairs of elements from X, formally: R ⊆ { (x,y) | x, y ∈ X}. [2] [10] The statement (x,y) ∈ R reads "x is R-related to y" and is written in infix notation as xRy. [7] [8] The order of the elements is important; if x ≠ y then yRx can be true or false independently of xRy.

  5. Critical pair (order theory) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical_pair_(order_theory)

    Then a critical pair is an ordered pair (x, y) of elements of S with the following three properties: x and y are incomparable in P, for every z in S, if z < x then z < y, and; for every z in S, if y < z then x < z. If (x, y) is a critical pair, then the binary relation obtained from P by adding the single relationship x ≤ y is also a partial

  6. Order theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_theory

    A set with a partial order on it is called a partially ordered set, poset, or just ordered set if the intended meaning is clear. By checking these properties, one immediately sees that the well-known orders on natural numbers , integers , rational numbers and reals are all orders in the above sense.

  7. Small Latin squares and quasigroups - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_Latin_squares_and...

    Latin squares and finite quasigroups are equivalent mathematical objects, although the former has a combinatorial nature while the latter is more algebraic.The listing below will consider the examples of some very small orders, which is the side length of the square, or the number of elements in the equivalent quasigroup.

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