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The tensor fasciae latae is a tensor of the fascia lata; continuing its action, the oblique direction of its fibers enables it to stabilize the hip in extension (assists gluteus maximus during hip extension). The fascia lata is a fibrous sheath that encircles the thigh like a subcutaneous stocking and tightly binds its muscles.
Trendelenburg's sign is found in people with weak or paralyzed abductor muscles of the hip, namely gluteus medius and gluteus minimus. [1] It is named after the German surgeon Friedrich Trendelenburg. It is often incorrectly referenced as the Trendelenburg test which is a test for vascular insufficiency in the lower extremities.
The psoas is the primary hip flexor, assisted by the iliacus. The pectineus, the adductors longus, brevis, and magnus, as well as the tensor fasciae latae are also involved in flexion. The gluteus maximus is the main hip extensor, but the inferior portion of the adductor magnus also plays a role. The adductor group is responsible for hip adduction.
The iliotibial tract or iliotibial band (ITB; also known as Maissiat's band or the IT band) is a longitudinal fibrous reinforcement of the fascia lata.The action of the muscles associated with the ITB (tensor fasciae latae and some fibers of gluteus maximus) flex, extend, abduct, and laterally and medially rotate the hip.
During the stance phase, or when standing on one leg, the weakened abductor muscles (gluteus medius and minimus) on the side of the supporting leg allow the opposite hip to droop. To compensate, the trunk lurches to the weakened side to maintain the center of gravity over the supporting leg.
Stretching of the tight structures (piriformis, hip abductor, and hip flexor muscle) may alleviate the symptoms. [8] The involved muscle is stretched (for 30 seconds), repeated three times separated by 30 second to 1 minute rest periods, in sets performed two times daily for six to eight weeks. [ 8 ]
of thigh at hip [5] medial compartment of thigh/adductor muscles of the hip. Adductor longus; Adductor brevis; Adductor magnus; Pectineus; Gracilis; Foot and toes.
The gluteal muscles can be classified into two main groups: The superficial gluteal muscles are responsible for extension and abduction of the hip as well as stabilizing and maintaining the balance of the pelvis during the gait cycle. Deep gluteal muscles control external rotation of the extended hip and abduction of the flexed hip. [2]