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Finally, note that the benzodiazepine core is a privileged scaffold, which has been used to derive drugs with diverse activity that is not limited to the GABA A modulatory action of the classical benzodiazepines, [60] such as devazepide and tifluadom, however these have not been included in the list below. 2,3-benzodiazepines such as tofisopam ...
The term benzodiazepine is the chemical name for the heterocyclic ring system (see figure to the right), which is a fusion between the benzene and diazepine ring systems. [191] Under Hantzsch–Widman nomenclature, a diazepine is a heterocycle with two nitrogen atoms, five carbon atom and the maximum possible number of cumulative double bonds.
Benzodiazepines, like many other sedative hypnotic drugs, cause apoptotic neuronal cell death. However, benzodiazepines do not cause as severe apoptosis to the developing brain as alcohol does. [105] [106] [107] The prenatal toxicity of benzodiazepines is most likely due to their effects on neurotransmitter systems, cell membranes and protein ...
Benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome (BZD withdrawal) is the cluster of signs and symptoms that may emerge when a person who has been taking benzodiazepines as prescribed develops a physical dependence on them and then reduces the dose or stops taking them without a safe taper schedule.
The most commonly used agents are long-acting benzodiazepines, such as chlordiazepoxide and diazepam. These are believed to be superior to other benzodiazepines for treatment of delirium and allow for longer periods between doses. However, benzodiazepines with intermediate half-lives like lorazepam may be safer in people with liver problems. [34]
Flumazenil is a benzodiazepine receptor antagonist that can reverse the effects of benzodiazepines, although its use following benzodiazepine overdose is controversial. Medical observation and supportive care are the mainstay of treatment of benzodiazepine overdose. [ 16 ]
It should only contain pages that are benzodiazepine compounds or lists of benzodiazepine compounds, as well as subcategories containing those things (themselves set categories). Topics about benzodiazepine compounds in general should be placed in relevant topic categories .
Librium (chlordiazepoxide) – a benzodiazepine used to treat acute alcohol withdrawal; Lithobid, Eskalith – a mood stabilizer; Loxam (escitalopram) – an antidepressant of the SSRI class; Lunesta (eszopiclone) – a non-benzodiazepine hypnotic; Luvox (fluvoxamine) – an antidepressant of the SSRI class