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The Ottoman Empire became a safe haven for Jews from the Iberian Peninsula fleeing persecution (see Alhambra Decree). By the end of the 16th century, the Ottoman Empire had the largest Jewish population in the world, with 150,000 compared to Poland's and non-Ottoman Ukraine's combined figure of 75,000. [2] [3]
Paul Fenton, while reviewing the French edition of the book and another book by Norman A. Stillman ("The Jews of Arab Lands: A History and Source Book") in 1981, noticed that "The need for a serious and objective source book on the history of the Jews in Arab lands untainted by ideological options, has long been felt by students of Middle ...
[citation needed] In 1660 Tiberias and Safed were laid in ruins by Ottoman-aligned Druze warlords during the Druze power struggle of 1658–1667, and the remaining Jews fled as far as Jerusalem. Though Jews returned to Safed in 1662, [ 26 ] it became a majority-Muslim center of the Ottoman Safed Sanjak .
This category includes Jews who were born in or were active within the Ottoman Empire (1300-1923). Ottoman Jews were of a variety of origins and observances, including Sephardi, Mizrahi, Romaniote, Karaite, and others.
In December they expelled up to 6,000 Russian citizens who resided in Jaffa (all were Jewish). [10] They were resettled in Alexandria, Egypt. [11] The Ottoman Empire issued forcible draft of its population into the army, demanding non-citizens (including Jews) to either take Ottoman citizenship before 15 May 1915 or be expelled from the region.
Illustration of Sabbatai Zevi from 1906 (Joods Historisch Museum). The Dönme (Hebrew: דוֹנְמֶה, romanized: Dōnme, Ottoman Turkish: دونمه, Turkish: Dönme) were a group of Sabbatean crypto-Jews in the Ottoman Empire who were forced to convert to Islam, but retained their Jewish faith and Kabbalistic beliefs in secret.
This influx played a pivotal role in shaping the predominant identity of Ottoman Jews. [6] By the end of the sixteenth century, the Jewish population in the Ottoman Empire was double (150,000) that of Jews in Poland and Ukraine combined (75,000), far surpassing other Jewish communities to be the largest in the world.
The Golden Horn: Kasskoj or the Jewish ghetto, illustration by Cesare Biseo for the book Constantinople (1878) by Edmondo de AmicisIn the 18th century, the Ottoman Jews of Istanbul suffered economic disadvantages because of growing economic competition with the European-backed Christians, [6] who were able to compete unfairly through a series of special advantages granted to them through ...