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  2. Founder effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Founder_effect

    The founder effect occurs when a small group of migrants—not genetically representative of the population from which they came—establish in a new area. [4] [5] In addition to founder effects, the new population is often very small, so it shows increased sensitivity to genetic drift, an increase in inbreeding, and relatively low genetic ...

  3. Genetic drift - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_drift

    The founder effect is a special case of a population bottleneck, occurring when a small group in a population splinters off from the original population and forms a new one. The random sample of alleles in the just formed new colony is expected to grossly misrepresent the original population in at least some respects. [44]

  4. Introduction to evolution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introduction_to_evolution

    The founder effect occurs when a small group from one population splits off and forms a new population, often through geographic isolation. This new population's allelic frequency is probably different from the original population's, and will change how common certain alleles are in the populations.

  5. Evolution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution

    Evolution is the change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations. [1] [2] It occurs when evolutionary processes such as natural selection and genetic drift act on genetic variation, resulting in certain characteristics becoming more or less common within a population over successive generations. [3]

  6. Speciation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speciation

    In peripatric speciation, a subform of allopatric speciation, new species are formed in isolated, smaller peripheral populations that are prevented from exchanging genes with the main population. It is related to the concept of a founder effect, since small populations often undergo bottlenecks. Genetic drift is often proposed to play a ...

  7. Evolutionary game theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolutionary_game_theory

    In biology, strategies are genetically inherited traits that control an individual's action, analogous with computer programs. The success of a strategy is determined by how good the strategy is in the presence of competing strategies (including itself), and of the frequency with which those strategies are used. [ 9 ]

  8. Founder takes all - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Founder_takes_all

    All these patterns are underpinned by the "founder takes all" density-dependent principle. [ citation needed ] For example, following a large-scale earthquake disturbance, two parallel recolonisation events and density-dependent blocking have been hypothesised to explain the occurrence of two distinct spatial sectors of population structure in ...

  9. Selection coefficient - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selection_coefficient

    Selection coefficient, usually denoted by the letter s, is a measure used in population genetics to quantify the relative fitness of a genotype compared to other genotypes. . Selection coefficients are central to the quantitative description of evolution, since fitness differences determine the change in genotype frequencies attributable to selecti