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In general, the magnitude of Pascal’s constants correlates with the number of electrons in the groups. Groups with extended pi-delocalization have larger diamagnetic corrections compared to related saturated ligands. These correction factors were first described by Paul Pascal in 1910. [2]
This means that the effects are additive, and a table of "diamagnetic contributions", or Pascal's constants, can be put together. [6] [7] [8] With paramagnetic compounds the observed susceptibility can be adjusted by adding to it the so-called diamagnetic correction, which is the diamagnetic susceptibility calculated with the values from the ...
Diamagnetic materials, like water, or water-based materials, have a relative magnetic permeability that is less than or equal to 1, and therefore a magnetic susceptibility less than or equal to 0, since susceptibility is defined as χ v = μ v − 1. This means that diamagnetic materials are repelled by magnetic fields.
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The Hamiltonian for an electron in a static homogeneous magnetic field in an atom is usually composed of three terms = + (+) + where is the vacuum permeability, is the Bohr magneton, is the g-factor, is the elementary charge, is the electron mass, is the orbital angular momentum operator, the spin and is the component of the position operator orthogonal to the magnetic field.
Magnetic susceptibility indicates whether a material is attracted into or repelled out of a magnetic field. Paramagnetic materials align with the applied field and are attracted to regions of greater magnetic field. Diamagnetic materials are anti-aligned and are pushed away, toward regions of lower magnetic fields.
The group 12 elements are all soft, diamagnetic, divalent metals. They have the lowest melting points among all transition metals. [8] Zinc is bluish-white and lustrous, [9] though most common commercial grades of the metal have a dull finish. [10] Zinc is also referred to in nonscientific contexts as spelter. [11]
The square planar form is red and diamagnetic. The phosphine ligands are trans with respective Ni-P and Ni-Cl distances of 2.24 and 2.17 Å. [2] [3] The blue form is paramagnetic and features tetrahedral Ni(II) centers. In this isomer, the Ni-P and Ni-Cl distances are elongated at 2.32 and 2.21 Å. [4] [5]