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At the critical point, only one phase exists. The heat of vaporization is zero. There is a stationary inflection point in the constant-temperature line (critical isotherm) on a PV diagram. This means that at the critical point: [5] [6] [7] =,
Critical variables are defined, for example in thermodynamics, in terms of the values of variables at the critical point. On a PV diagram, the critical point is an inflection point . Thus: [ 1 ]
A PV diagram plots the change in pressure P with respect to volume V for some process or processes. Typically in thermodynamics, the set of processes forms a cycle, so that upon completion of the cycle there has been no net change in state of the system; i.e. the device returns to the starting pressure and volume.
A saturation dome uses the projection of a P–v–T diagram (pressure, specific volume, and temperature) onto the P–v plane. The points that create the left-hand side of the dome represent the saturated liquid states, while the points on the right-hand side represent the saturated vapor states (commonly referred to as the “dry” region).
A phase diagram in physical chemistry, engineering, mineralogy, and materials science is a type of chart used to show conditions (pressure, temperature, etc.) at which thermodynamically distinct phases (such as solid, liquid or gaseous states) occur and coexist at equilibrium.
Near the critical point, small changes in pressure or temperature result in large changes in density, allowing many properties of a supercritical fluid to be "fine-tuned". Supercritical fluids occur in the atmospheres of the gas giants Jupiter and Saturn , the terrestrial planet Venus , and probably in those of the ice giants Uranus and Neptune .
supercritical gas-liquid boundaries in pT diagram. According to textbook knowledge, it is possible to transform a liquid continuously into a gas, without undergoing a phase transition, by heating and compressing strongly enough to go around the critical point.
In thermodynamics, a critical line is the higher-dimensional equivalent of a critical point. [1] It is the locus of contiguous critical points in a phase diagram.These lines cannot occur for a single substance due to the phase rule, but they can be observed in systems with more variables, such as mixtures.