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Calciphylaxis, also known as calcific uremic arteriolopathy (CUA) or “Grey Scale”, is a rare syndrome characterized by painful skin lesions.The pathogenesis of calciphylaxis is unclear but believed to involve calcification of the small blood vessels located within the fatty tissue and deeper layers of the skin, blood clots, and eventual death of skin cells due to lack of blood flow. [1]
Differential diagnosis Cutaneous vasculitis, pyoderma gangrenosum, [ 1 ] calciphylaxis [ 2 ] Martorell's ulcer , also known as hypertensive leg ulcer or necrotic angiodermatitis , [ 1 ] is a painful ulceration of the lower leg associated with diastolic [ citation needed ] arterial hypertension .
Five kinds of the condition are typically distinguished: calciphylaxis, idiopathic calcification, iatrogenic calcification, dystrophic calcification, and metastatic calcification. [2] Tumors, inflammation, varicose veins, infections, connective tissue disease, hyperphosphatemia, and hypercalcemia can all lead to calcinosis.
The branching may only be seen at the edge of one or two lesions but is still the clue to this diagnosis and a potentially serious underlying condition. [2] Inflammatory retiform purpura consists of redness around the lesion with associated central necrosis caused by vasculitic or infectious processes.
Prognosis (Greek: πρόγνωσις "fore-knowing, foreseeing"; pl.: prognoses) is a medical term for predicting the likelihood or expected development of a disease, including whether the signs and symptoms will improve or worsen (and how quickly) or remain stable over time; expectations of quality of life, such as the ability to carry out daily activities; the potential for complications and ...
Diagnosis of this rare disease is often misdiagnosed or delayed, leading to results such as amputation and death. In a rare case, an 80 year old woman displayed symptoms resembling temporal arteritis. However, pathological findings confirmed that it was Mönckeberg's arteriosclerosis instead.
There is a small amount of evidence supporting the use of sodium thiosulfate to counteract calciphylaxis, the calcification of blood vessels that may occur in hemodialysis patients with end-stage kidney disease. [15] [16] However, it has been claimed that this treatment may cause severe metabolic acidosis in some patients. [17] [18]
An extreme consequence is the occurrence of the rare condition named calciphylaxis. [ 33 ] Changes in mineral and bone metabolism that may cause 1) abnormalities of calcium , phosphorus ( phosphate ), parathyroid hormone , or vitamin D metabolism; 2) abnormalities in bone turnover , mineralization , volume, linear growth, or strength ( kidney ...