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Micrograph showing a prostate cancer (conventional adenocarcinoma) with perineural invasion. H&E stain. In pathology, perineural invasion, abbreviated PNI, refers to the invasion of cancer to the space surrounding a nerve. It is common in head and neck cancer, prostate cancer and colorectal cancer.
The procedure was first performed on a 70-year old married preacher on 7 April 1904 by American surgeon Hugh H. Young and assisted by William S. Halstead, as a way of removing the prostate in cancer treatment, after prostatic massage and an early type of transurethral resection of the prostate had failed to relieve him of pain in his urethra. [8]
Surgical removal of the prostate, or prostatectomy, is a common treatment either for early-stage prostate cancer or for cancer that has failed to respond to radiation therapy. The most common type is radical retropubic prostatectomy , when the surgeon removes the prostate through an abdominal incision.
Prostate tumors were first described in the mid-19th century, during surgeries on men with urinary obstructions. Initially, prostatectomy was the primary treatment for prostate cancer. By the mid-20th century, radiation treatments and hormone therapies were developed to improve prostate cancer treatment.
For prostate cancer, the best treatment often depends on the risk level presented by the disease. For most prostate cancers classified as "very low risk" and "low risk", radical prostatectomy is one of several treatment options; others include radiation, watchful waiting, and active surveillance.
There are several reasons why PIN is the most likely prostate cancer precursor. [3] PIN is more common in men with prostate cancer. High grade PIN can be found in 85 to 100% of radical prostatectomy specimens, [4] nearby or even in connection with prostate cancer. It tends to occur in the peripheral zone of the prostate.
Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), also called androgen ablation therapy or androgen suppression therapy, is an antihormone therapy whose main use is in treating prostate cancer. Prostate cancer cells usually require androgen hormones, such as testosterone, to grow. ADT reduces the levels of androgen hormones, with drugs or surgery, to prevent ...
A histopathologic diagnosis of prostate cancer is the discernment of whether there is a cancer in the prostate, as well as specifying any subdiagnosis of prostate cancer if possible. The histopathologic subdiagnosis of prostate cancer has implications for the possibility and methodology of any subsequent Gleason scoring. [1]
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