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Fluoride is classified as a weak base since it only partially associates in solution, but concentrated fluoride is corrosive and can attack the skin. Fluoride is the simplest fluorine anion . In terms of charge and size, the fluoride ion resembles the hydroxide ion.
Fluoride is a mainstay of dental care, whether it's delivered in a treatment at your dentist's office or in your toothpaste. But fluoride has become the focus of several conspiracy theories over ...
The U.S. Public Health Service’s recommendation is a fluoride concentration of 0.7 mg/L of drinking water—and there were not enough data to determine if 0.7 mg/L of fluoride exposure in ...
Opposition to the addition of fluoride to drinking water arises from political, ethical, economic, and health considerations. For deprived groups, international and national agencies and dental associations across the world support the safety and effectiveness of water fluoridation. [1]
If HF alone is electrolyzed, hydrogen forms at the cathode (positive part of the cell) and the fluoride ions remain in solution. After electrolysis, potassium fluoride remains in solution. [35] 2 HF 2 − → H 2 ↑ + F 2 ↑ + 2 F −. The modern version of the process uses steel containers as cathodes, while blocks of carbon are used as anodes.
The latest is a study that has detected a previously unidentified chemical byproduct in drinking water. ... from concerns about excess levels of fluoride to the discovery of plastic particles ...
The fluoride ion is readily absorbed by the stomach and intestines. Ingested fluoride forms hydrofluoric acid in the stomach. In this form, fluoride crosses cell membranes and then binds with calcium and interferes with various enzymes. Fluoride is excreted through urine. Fluoride exposure limits are based on urine testing, which is used to ...
Fluoride is a mineral and an element that’s naturally found in rivers, lakes, and oceans, along with some foods and drinks, according to the ADA. Fluoride helps to strengthen teeth, with the ADA ...