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Primary cholangiography (or perioperative): Done in the operation room during a biliary drainage intervention. Secondary cholangiography : Done after a biliary drainage intervention. In both cases fluorescent fluids are used to create contrasts that make the diagnosis possible.
Insertion of a stent through the major duodenal papilla and ampulla of Vater into the common bile duct and/or the pancreatic duct; Dilation of strictures (e.g. primary sclerosing cholangitis, anastomotic strictures after liver transplantation) [5] Extraction of liver flukes from the biliary system (e.g., opisthorchiasis, clonorchiasis, fasciolosis)
Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography, percutaneous hepatic cholangiogram (PTHC) is a radiological technique used to visualize the anatomy of the biliary tract. [1] A contrast medium is injected into a bile duct in the liver , after which X-rays are taken.
The IVC has been largely replaced by other diagnostic procedures—by ERCP (endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography), endoscopic ultrasound and, increasingly, by MRI cholangiography, none of which are affected by jaundice. It is sometimes used when ERCP is unsuccessful.
Cole Porter was a popular music artist in the 1930s, with two of his songs, "Night and Day" and "Begin the Beguine" becoming No. 1 hits in 1932 and 1935 respectively. The latter song was of the Swing genre, which had begun to emerge as the most popular form of music in the United States since 1933.
The following events are selected for inclusion in the timeline: Major medical advances, such as the first vaccines or antibiotics for important diseases. Major disease outbreaks, particularly those that played a key role in identifying key medical facts about the nature of disease or epidemiology.
July 16 – Norm Sherry, American Major League Baseball catcher, manager, and coach (d. 2021) July 18 – Maury Duncan, American quarterback; July 19. Marilyn Lewis, American politician (d. 2020) Mary Lou Studnicka, American female professional baseball player (d. 2014) July 27 – Jerry Van Dyke, American comedian, actor (d. 2018) July 31
The first historical achievement in anesthesia occurred around 4000 BC in ancient Mesopotamia. [5] [10] [33] [34] [35] This was the advent of Ethanol (commonly known as ‘drinking alcohol’), the first general anaesthetic agent.